Department of Psychology, College of Social Sciences and Humanities, Koc University, Rumelifeneriyolu 34450 Sariyer, Istanbul, Turkey.
Al Dara Hospital and Medical Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Psychiatr Q. 2019 Mar;90(1):229-248. doi: 10.1007/s11126-018-9613-4.
There is a scarcity of research on suicidal phenomena in the Muslim world. Therefore, this study aimed at investigating the self-reported prevalence of suicidal thoughts, attempts and motives in 12 Muslim countries. A total of 8417 (54.4% women) university students were surveyed by means of a self-report questionnaire. Overall, 22% of the participants reported suicidal ideation and 8.6% reported attempting suicide. The odds of suicidal thoughts were elevated in Azerbaijan, Indonesia and Saudi Arabia, while reduced ORs were recorded in Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon and Malaysia. While odds of suicide attempts were high in Azerbaijan, Palestine and Saudi Arabia reduced odds ratios (OR) were detected in Indonesia, Iran, Jordan, Lebanon, Malaysia and Tunisia. Taking drugs and using a sharp instrument were the two most frequently used methods to attempt suicide. Only 32.7% of attempts required medical attention. Escape motives were endorsed more than social motives by participants who attempted suicide. Suicidal behaviors were more frequent in women than in men. Compered to men, fewer attempts by women required medical attention. Moreover, our results show that making suicide illegal does not reduce the frequency of suicidal behavior. Results from this comparative study show that suicidal thoughts and attempts are frequent events in young adults in countries where religious scripture explicitly prohibit suicide and the frequencies of nonfatal suicidal behavior show large variation in nations adhering to the same religion.
关于穆斯林世界自杀现象的研究很少。因此，本研究旨在调查 12 个穆斯林国家的大学生中自我报告的自杀念头、自杀企图和自杀动机的流行率。共有 8417 名（54.4%为女性）大学生通过自我报告问卷进行了调查。总体而言，22%的参与者报告有自杀意念，8.6%的参与者报告有自杀企图。在阿塞拜疆、印度尼西亚和沙特阿拉伯，自杀念头的几率较高，而在埃及、约旦、黎巴嫩和马来西亚，记录到的比值比则较低。在阿塞拜疆、巴勒斯坦和沙特阿拉伯，自杀企图的几率较高，而在印度尼西亚、伊朗、约旦、黎巴嫩、马来西亚和突尼斯，检测到的比值比则较低。使用药物和尖锐工具是自杀企图中最常使用的两种方法。只有 32.7%的自杀企图需要医疗关注。有自杀企图的参与者更倾向于选择逃避动机，而不是社会动机。自杀行为在女性中比男性更常见。与男性相比，女性自杀企图需要医疗关注的比例较少。此外，我们的研究结果表明，将自杀定为非法并不能降低自杀行为的频率。这项比较研究的结果表明，在宗教经文明确禁止自杀的国家，年轻人中自杀念头和自杀企图是常见事件，而在遵守同一宗教的国家，非致命性自杀行为的频率也存在很大差异。
