Stanley Emma, Appleman Elizabeth, Schlag Ariel, Siegel Andrea
Internal Medicine Service, The Animal Medical Center, New York, New York.
Surgery Service, Colonial Veterinary Hospital, Ithaca, New York.
J Vet Intern Med. 2019 Jan;33(1):106-113. doi: 10.1111/jvim.15348. Epub 2018 Nov 29.
Megaloblastic, nonregenerative anemia is a well-known consequence of cobalamin or folate deficiencies in humans but is not recognized in hypocobalaminemic or hypofolatemic dogs. Establishment of relationships between hypocobalaminemia or hypofolatemia and hematologic disease would encourage vitamin B testing, and potentially supplementation, in anemic dogs.
To determine the prevalence of anemia in hypocobalaminemic or hypofolatemic dogs and to report the prevalence of hypocobalaminemia and hypofolatemia and nonregenerative anemia, macrocytosis, and anisocytosis in anemic dogs.
One hundred and fourteen client-owned dogs with known serum cobalamin and folate concentrations and CBCs and 42 client-owned anemic dogs.
Retrospective comparison of anemia prevalence in hypocobalaminemic or hypofolatemic and normocobalaminemic or normofolatemic dogs was performed. Prospective measurement of erythrocyte variables and cobalamin and folate concentrations in anemic dogs was carried out; relationships among hypocobalaminemia and regenerative status, mean corpuscular volume, and red cell distribution width were evaluated.
Significant differences in prevalence of anemia between hypocobalaminemic (36%) and normocobalaminemic dogs (26%; P = .23) or between hypofolatemic (31%) and normofolatemic dogs (30%; P = .99) were not detected. Between hypocobalaminemic and normocobalaminemic dogs, no significant differences in prevalence of nonregenerative anemia (69% vs 63%; P = .65), macrocytosis (17% vs 0%; P = .53), or anisocytosis (28% vs 0%; P = .14) were detected. Anemic dogs had high prevalence of vitamin B deficiencies (nonregenerative: 64% hypocobalaminemic, 18% hypofolatemic; regenerative: 57% hypocobalaminemic, 21% hypofolatemic).
The association between cobalamin and folate deficiencies and macrocytic, nonregenerative anemia established in humans is not routinely present in dogs.
巨幼细胞性、非再生性贫血是人类钴胺素或叶酸缺乏的一个众所周知的后果，但在钴胺素缺乏或叶酸缺乏的犬类中未被认识到。确定钴胺素缺乏或叶酸缺乏与血液疾病之间的关系将促使对贫血犬进行维生素B检测，并可能进行补充。
确定钴胺素缺乏或叶酸缺乏犬的贫血患病率，并报告贫血犬中钴胺素缺乏、叶酸缺乏、非再生性贫血、大红细胞症和红细胞大小不均一性的患病率。
114只血清钴胺素和叶酸浓度以及全血细胞计数已知的客户拥有的犬，以及42只客户拥有的贫血犬。
对钴胺素缺乏或叶酸缺乏犬与钴胺素正常或叶酸正常犬的贫血患病率进行回顾性比较。对贫血犬的红细胞变量以及钴胺素和叶酸浓度进行前瞻性测量；评估钴胺素缺乏与再生状态、平均红细胞体积和红细胞分布宽度之间的关系。
未检测到钴胺素缺乏犬（36%）与钴胺素正常犬（26%；P = 0.23）之间或叶酸缺乏犬（31%）与叶酸正常犬（30%；P = 0.99）之间贫血患病率的显著差异。在钴胺素缺乏犬与钴胺素正常犬之间，未检测到非再生性贫血患病率（69%对63%；P = 0.65）、大红细胞症（17%对0%；P = 0.53）或红细胞大小不均一性（28%对0%；P = 0.14）的显著差异。贫血犬中维生素B缺乏的患病率较高（非再生性：钴胺素缺乏64%，叶酸缺乏18%；再生性：钴胺素缺乏57%，叶酸缺乏21%）。
人类中确立的钴胺素和叶酸缺乏与大细胞性、非再生性贫血之间的关联在犬类中并非常规存在。
