Laboratorio de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú.
Asociación CONSERVACCION, Lima, Perú.
PLoS One. 2018 Nov 30;13(11):e0208244. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208244. eCollection 2018.
The biogeography of the Peruvian Eastern Pacific coast has been described based on oceanographic parameters and qualitative species occurrence data. This has generated disagreement about the limits and existence of different biogeographic units. In this study, the distribution of rocky-shore macrobenthic communities were recorded over 41 sites along the Peruvian coastline (3.5°S-13.5°S) and analyzed together with historic abiotic data in order to quantitatively evaluate the biogeographic zonation of rocky intertidal communities throughout the region and its relationship with environmental variables to propose an update bioregionalization. Clusters and non-metric multidimensional scaling were performed using Bray-Curtis dissimilarity matrices from abundance data to evaluate biogeographic patterns of dissimilarities of rocky-shore communities. Significant turnover of taxa among defined biogeographical units was tested using permutational multivariate dispersion. Relationships between of the biogeographical community's structure and environmental factors were examined using Random Forest analysis on datasets available at Bio-Oracle and Jet Propulsion Laboratory-California Institute of Technology. Variation of community structure of 239 taxa depicted three biogeographical units along the region matching Panamic, transitional and Humboldt provinces. Beta diversity analysis indicated a significant turnover of taxa within the transitional unit. Random forest analysis showed a strong correlation between biogeographic units with phosphate, sea surface temperature, nitrate, dissolved oxygen, cloud fraction, and silicates. Our results set the putative limits of three biogeographic units for rocky-shore communities along the coast of Peru, providing base-line information for understanding further biogeographic changes on communities associated with the ongoing regional coastal cooling and impacts of El Niño events.
已根据海洋参数和定性物种出现数据描述了秘鲁东太平洋海岸的生物地理学。这就产生了关于不同生物地理单元的界限和存在的分歧。在这项研究中，记录了秘鲁海岸线（3.5°S-13.5°S）沿线 41 个地点的岩岸大型底栖生物群落的分布，并与历史生物数据一起进行了分析，以便定量评估整个地区岩滩群落的生物地理分区及其与环境变量的关系，提出更新的生物区域化。使用 Bray-Curtis 不相似性矩阵从丰度数据进行聚类和非度量多维标度，以评估岩滩群落的生物地理差异模式。使用置换多元方差分析检验了定义的生物地理单元之间分类群的显著周转率。使用随机森林分析检查了生物地理群落结构与环境因子之间的关系，数据集可在 Bio-Oracle 和喷气推进实验室-加州理工学院获得。239 个分类群的群落结构变化描绘了该地区的三个生物地理单元，分别与巴拿马、过渡区和洪堡省相匹配。β多样性分析表明，过渡区的分类群有明显的更替。随机森林分析表明，生物地理单元与磷酸盐、海面温度、硝酸盐、溶解氧、云量和硅酸盐之间存在很强的相关性。我们的研究结果为秘鲁海岸岩滩群落的三个生物地理单元设定了假设的界限，为了解与该地区正在进行的沿海冷却和厄尔尼诺事件影响相关的群落的进一步生物地理变化提供了基线信息。
