Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China; School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, Scotland, UK.
Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China.
Environ Int. 2019 Feb;123:79-86. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.11.061. Epub 2018 Nov 28.
Plastics have been accumulated offshore and in the deep oceans at an unprecedented scale. Microbial communities have colonized the plastisphere, which has become a reservoir for both antibiotic and metal resistance genes (ARGs and MRGs). This is the first analysis of the diversity, abundance, and co-occurrence of ARGs and MRGs, and their relationships within the microbial community, using metagenomic data of plastic particles observed in the North Pacific Gyre obtained from the National Centre for Biotechnology Information Sequence Read Archive database. The abundance of ARGs and MRGs in microbial communities on the plastics were in the ranges 7.07 × 10-1.21 × 10 and 5.51 × 10-4.82 × 10 copies per 16S rRNA, respectively. Both the Shannon-Wiener indices and richness of ARGs and MRGs in plastics microbiota were significantly greater than those of ARGs and MRGs in seawater microbiota in the North Pacific Gyre via one-way analysis of variance. Multidrug resistance genes and multi-metal resistance genes were the main classes of genes detected in plastic microbiota. There were no significant differences in the abundance or diversity of ARGs and MRGs between macroplastics biota and microplastics biota, indicating that particle size had no effect on resistance genes. Procrustes analysis suggested that microbial community composition was the determining factor of the ARG profile but not for MRG. Some ARGs and MRGs had a higher incidence of non-random co-occurrence, suggesting that the co-effects of selection for antibiotic or metal resistance are important factors influencing the resistome of the microbiota on the plastic particles.
塑料已以前所未有的规模在近海和深海中积累。微生物群落已经在塑料圈中定殖，而塑料圈成为抗生素和金属抗性基因（ARGs 和 MRGs）的储库。这是首次使用从国家生物技术信息中心序列读取档案数据库中获得的北太平洋 Gyre 中观察到的塑料颗粒的宏基因组数据，分析 ARGs 和 MRGs 的多样性、丰度和共现及其与微生物群落内的关系。塑料上微生物群落中 ARGs 和 MRGs 的丰度分别在 7.07×10-1.21×10和 5.51×10-4.82×10拷贝 16S rRNA 之间。通过单向方差分析，ARGs 和 MRGs 的 Shannon-Wiener 指数和丰富度在塑料微生物组中均明显大于北太平洋 Gyre 中海水微生物组中的 ARGs 和 MRGs。多药耐药基因和多金属耐药基因是在塑料微生物组中检测到的主要基因类别。宏塑料生物群和微塑料生物群中 ARGs 和 MRGs 的丰度或多样性没有差异，表明粒径对抗性基因没有影响。普罗克鲁斯分析表明，微生物群落组成是 ARG 图谱的决定因素，但不是 MRG 的决定因素。一些 ARGs 和 MRGs 具有较高的非随机共现发生率，这表明抗生素或金属抗性的选择共同作用是影响微生物群落对塑料颗粒上抗性组的重要因素。
