Service de Pneumologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland; Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia.
CeMM, Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Department of Medicine I/Research Laboratory of Infection Biology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
Cell Host Microbe. 2018 Dec 12;24(6):857-865.e4. doi: 10.1016/j.chom.2018.10.019. Epub 2018 Nov 29.
Crosstalk between immune cells and the microbiota in mucosal tissues can set an individual on a trajectory toward health or disease. Little is known about these early-life events in the human respiratory tract. We examined bacterial colonization and immune system maturation in the lower airways over the first year of life. The lower respiratory tract microbiota forms within the first 2 postnatal months. Within the first weeks, three microbial profiles are evident, broadly distinguished as dysbiotic or diverse, and representing different microbial virulence potentials, including proteolysis of immunoglobulin A (IgA) that is critical for mucosal defense. Delivery mode determines microbiota constituents in preterm, but not term, births. Gestational age is a key determinant of immune maturation, with airway cells progressively increasing expression of proallergic cytokine interleukin-33 and genes linked with IgA. These data reveal microbial and immunological development in human airways, and may inform early-life interventions to prevent respiratory diseases.
免疫细胞和黏膜组织中的微生物群落之间的相互作用可以使个体朝着健康或疾病的方向发展。关于人类呼吸道的这些早期事件知之甚少。我们研究了生命最初一年中下呼吸道的细菌定植和免疫系统成熟情况。下呼吸道微生物群在出生后 2 个月内形成。在最初的几周内，有三种微生物特征明显，大致可分为失调或多样化，代表不同的微生物毒力潜力，包括对黏膜防御至关重要的免疫球蛋白 A (IgA) 的蛋白酶解。分娩方式决定了早产儿而不是足月儿的微生物群组成。胎龄是免疫成熟的关键决定因素，气道细胞逐渐增加表达过敏前细胞因子白细胞介素 33 和与 IgA 相关的基因。这些数据揭示了人类气道中的微生物和免疫学发展，并可能为预防呼吸道疾病的早期生活干预提供信息。
