Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
Imperial Centre for Paediatrics and Child Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.
Microbiome. 2022 Feb 21;10(1):34. doi: 10.1186/s40168-021-01201-y.
There is increasing evidence that the airway microbiome plays a key role in the establishment of respiratory health by interacting with the developing immune system early in life. While it has become clear that bacteria are involved in this process, there is a knowledge gap concerning the role of fungi. Moreover, the inter-kingdom interactions that influence immune development remain unknown. In this prospective exploratory human study, we aimed to determine early post-natal microbial and immunological features of the upper airways in 121 healthy newborns.
We found that the oropharynx and nasal cavity represent distinct ecological niches for bacteria and fungi. Breastfeeding correlated with changes in microbiota composition of oropharyngeal samples with the greatest impact upon the relative abundance of Streptococcus species and Candida. Host transcriptome profiling revealed that genes with the highest expression variation were immunological in nature. Multi-omics factor analysis of host and microbial data revealed unique co-variation patterns.
These data provide evidence of a diverse multi-kingdom microbiota linked with local immunological characteristics in the first week of life that could represent distinct trajectories for future respiratory health.
NHS Health Research Authority, IRAS ID 199053. Registered 5 Oct 2016. https://www.hra.nhs.uk/planning-and-improving-research/application-summaries/research-summaries/breathing-together/ Video abstract.
越来越多的证据表明，气道微生物组通过与生命早期发育中的免疫系统相互作用，在建立呼吸道健康方面发挥着关键作用。虽然已经清楚细菌参与了这一过程，但对于真菌的作用仍存在知识空白。此外，影响免疫发育的种间相互作用仍不清楚。在这项前瞻性探索性人体研究中，我们旨在确定 121 名健康新生儿上呼吸道的早期产后微生物和免疫学特征。
我们发现口咽和鼻腔代表了细菌和真菌的不同生态位。母乳喂养与口咽样本的微生物群落组成变化相关，对链球菌属和假丝酵母菌属的相对丰度影响最大。宿主转录组谱分析显示，表达变异最大的基因具有免疫性质。宿主和微生物数据的多组学因子分析揭示了独特的共变模式。
这些数据提供了证据表明，在生命的第一周存在与局部免疫特征相关的多样化多菌群，这可能代表未来呼吸道健康的不同轨迹。
英国国家医疗服务体系健康研究局，IRAS ID 199053。注册于 2016 年 10 月 5 日。https://www.hra.nhs.uk/planning-and-improving-research/application-summaries/research-summaries/breathing-together/视频摘要。
