Green Lane Cardiovascular Service, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand.
Clin Chem. 2019 Jan;65(1):80-86. doi: 10.1373/clinchem.2018.287318. Epub 2018 Nov 30.
In aging populations, cardiovascular disease (CVD) and frailty are common and often coexist. It is possible that common risk factors and pathophysiological pathways increase the risk of both CVD and frailty.
Frailty is a complex clinical syndrome with multiple causes and contributing factors. It is characterized by multisystem impairment that decreases physiological reserve and increases vulnerability to stress. Diverse methods have been used to evaluate frailty. Most include 1 or several measures related to reduced exercise, physical function, cognition, activities of daily living, comorbidities, deficits and/or markers of physiological dysfunction. CVD and frailty may be linked by several mechanisms. CVD can accelerate frailty, and frailty increases the risk of adverse outcomes in patients with CVD. Common pathophysiological pathways are also important. Low physical activity, poor nutrition, diabetes, hypertension, and smoking may increase the risk of both CVD and frailty. Further research is needed to evaluate whether biomarkers of dysfunction across multiple body systems, which are known to be associated with aging, and with CV and non-CV morbidity and mortality, are also associated with frailty.
Multiple pathophysiological pathways are associated with both CVD and frailty, which interact to further increase the risk of adverse outcomes.
在老龄化人口中，心血管疾病（CVD）和虚弱是常见的，且常同时存在。共同的危险因素和病理生理途径可能会增加两者同时发生的风险。
虚弱是一种具有多种病因和促成因素的复杂临床综合征。其特征为多系统受损，导致生理储备减少和对压力的脆弱性增加。人们已经使用了多种方法来评估虚弱。大多数方法包括与运动减少、身体功能、认知、日常生活活动、合并症、缺陷和/或生理功能障碍的标志物相关的 1 项或多项措施。CVD 和虚弱可能通过几种机制联系在一起。CVD 可加速虚弱，虚弱会增加 CVD 患者发生不良结局的风险。共同的病理生理途径也很重要。低体力活动、营养不良、糖尿病、高血压和吸烟可能会增加 CVD 和虚弱的风险。需要进一步研究来评估是否多个身体系统的功能障碍的生物标志物与衰老以及与 CV 和非 CV 发病率和死亡率相关，也与虚弱相关。
多个病理生理途径与 CVD 和虚弱相关，两者相互作用进一步增加了不良结局的风险。
