接触社区犯罪与少女身体活动水平较低和肥胖风险较高有关，但与男孩无关。
Exposure to Neighborhood Crime Is Associated with Lower Levels of Physical Activity and Higher Obesity Risk among Adolescent Girls, but Not Boys.
作者信息
Chaparro M Pia, Bilfield Alissa, Theall Katherine P
机构信息
Department of Global Community Health and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA.
出版信息
Child Obes. 2019 Feb/Mar;15(2):87-92. doi: 10.1089/chi.2018.0165. Epub 2018 Dec 1.
BACKGROUND
Neighborhood safety has been linked to physical activity and obesity among adolescents, but few studies have used objective measures of crime or examined associations by gender. The goal of this study was to investigate if exposure to objectively measured neighborhood crime was associated with physical activity and overweight/obesity among adolescents, and if this association varied by gender.
METHODS
Georeferenced data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2006 were linked to census tract-level data on crime reports from the Federal Bureau of Investigation, focusing on a sample of adolescents 12-20 years of age (n = 15,261). Our outcome variables were engaging in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity in the previous week and overweight/obesity status, defined as ≥85th percentile in the CDC's age- and sex-specific BMI-for-age growth charts (based on measured weight and height). Our exposure variable was neighborhood-level violent crime risk, categorized as low vs. high. Gender-stratified three-level multilevel logistic regression models were fitted adjusting for individual, family, and neighborhood-level demographic and socioeconomic variables and adolescents' diet quality.
RESULTS
In fully adjusted models, girls exposed to high crime neighborhoods had 26% lower odds of engaging in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity during the previous week [odds ratio (OR) = 0.74, confidence interval (95% CI) = 0.59-0.92] and 27% higher odds of being overweight/obese (OR = 1.27, 95% CI = 1.02-1.58), compared with adolescent girls exposed to low crime neighborhoods. No significant associations were found between exposure to neighborhood crime and physical activity and overweight/obesity among boys.
CONCLUSION
Prevention efforts focused on encouraging adolescents to be physically active need to account for gender-specific barriers to exercise outdoors.
背景
社区安全与青少年的身体活动及肥胖有关，但很少有研究使用客观的犯罪衡量指标或按性别研究两者之间的关联。本研究的目的是调查客观测量的社区犯罪暴露是否与青少年的身体活动及超重/肥胖有关，以及这种关联是否因性别而异。
方法
将1999 - 2006年美国国家健康与营养检查调查（NHANES）的地理参考数据与联邦调查局的人口普查区层面犯罪报告数据相链接，重点关注12 - 20岁的青少年样本（n = 15,261）。我们的结局变量是前一周进行中度至剧烈身体活动的情况以及超重/肥胖状况，超重/肥胖定义为在疾病控制与预防中心（CDC）按年龄和性别划分的年龄别BMI生长图表中处于≥第85百分位（基于测量的体重和身高）。我们的暴露变量是社区层面的暴力犯罪风险，分为低风险和高风险。拟合了按性别分层的三级多水平逻辑回归模型，对个体、家庭和社区层面的人口统计学和社会经济变量以及青少年的饮食质量进行了调整。
结果
在完全调整的模型中，与暴露于低犯罪社区的少女相比，暴露于高犯罪社区的少女前一周进行中度至剧烈身体活动的几率低26%[比值比（OR）= 0.74，置信区间（95%CI）= 0.59 - 0.92]，超重/肥胖的几率高27%（OR = 1.27，95%CI = 1.02 - 1.58）。在男孩中，未发现社区犯罪暴露与身体活动及超重/肥胖之间存在显著关联。
结论
旨在鼓励青少年积极进行体育活动的预防措施需要考虑到户外锻炼的性别特定障碍。
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