Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 680 North Lake Shore Drive Suite 1400, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2018 Jul 3;15(7):1395. doi: 10.3390/ijerph15071395.
Neighborhood psychosocial stressors like crime and physical disorder may influence obesity-related outcomes through chronic stress or through adverse effects on health behaviors. Google Street View imagery provides a low-cost, reliable method for auditing neighborhood physical disorder, but few studies have examined associations of Street View-derived physical disorder scores with health outcomes. We used Google Street View to audit measures of physical disorder for residential census blocks from 225 women aged 18⁻44 enrolled from 4 Chicago neighborhoods. Latent neighborhood physical disorder scores were estimated using an item response theory model and aggregated to the block group level. Block-group level physical disorder scores and rates of police-recorded crime and 311 calls for service requests were linked to participants based on home addresses. Associations were estimated for 6 obesity-related outcomes: body mass index, obesity, total moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, and weekly consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages, fast food, and snacks. Hierarchical regression models estimated cross-sectional associations adjusting for individual sociodemographics and neighborhood poverty. Higher neighborhood physical disorder was associated with greater odds of obesity (OR: 1.43, 95% CI: 1.01, 2.02). Living in a neighborhood with a higher crime rate was associated with an increase in weekly snack consumption of 3.06 (95% CI: 1.59, 4.54).
邻里的社会心理压力源，如犯罪和物质无序，可能通过慢性压力或对健康行为的不利影响来影响肥胖相关的结果。谷歌街景图像为审计邻里物质无序提供了一种低成本、可靠的方法，但很少有研究调查街景衍生的物质无序评分与健康结果之间的关联。我们使用谷歌街景来审计来自 4 个芝加哥社区的 225 名年龄在 18-44 岁的女性的居住人口普查块的物质无序测量值。使用项目反应理论模型估计潜在的邻里物质无序分数，并将其汇总到街区组水平。根据家庭住址，将街区组水平的物质无序分数以及警察记录的犯罪率和 311 服务请求率与参与者联系起来。针对 6 种肥胖相关的结果估计了关联：体重指数、肥胖、总中等至剧烈体力活动，以及每周饮用含糖饮料、快餐和零食的情况。分层回归模型在调整个体社会人口统计学和邻里贫困的情况下估计了横断面关联。较高的邻里物质无序与肥胖的几率增加有关（OR：1.43，95%CI：1.01，2.02）。生活在犯罪率较高的邻里，每周零食的摄入量增加 3.06（95%CI：1.59，4.54）。
