Malta Deborah Carvalho, Machado Ísis Eloah, Felisbino-Mendes Mariana Santos, Prado Rogério Ruscitto do, Pinto Alessandra Maria Silva, Oliveira-Campos Maryane, Souza Maria de Fátima Marinho de, Assunção Ada Ávila
Escola de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - Belo Horizonte (MG), Brasil.
Universidade de São Paulo - São Paulo (SP), Brasil.
Rev Bras Epidemiol. 2018 Nov 29;21(suppl 1):e180004. doi: 10.1590/1980-549720180004.supl.1.
To analyze the consumption of tobacco, alcohol and illicit drugs among schoolchildren according to demographic factors, family context and mental health.
We used data from the National School-based Health Survey 2015 and included in the sample 102,301 schoolchildren in the 9th grade. We estimated the prevalence of tobacco and alcohol use in the last 30 days and drug experimentation according to demographic, mental health and family context variables. Then, a bivariate analysis was performed using Pearson's χ2 test and the unadjusted odds ratio (OR) was calculated. Finally, we conducted a multivariate analysis including independent variables with an unadjusted association (p < 0.20), for each outcome, estimating the adjusted OR with a 95% confidence interval.
The prevalence of tobacco consumption was 5.6%; alcohol consumption, 23.8%; and drug experimentation, 9.0%. Multivariate analysis has indicated that living with parents, having meals with parents or guardian, and family supervision were associated with lower substance consumption; whereas missing classes without parental consent has increased the chances of substance use. Increased chance of substance use was also associated with white skin color, increasing age, to work, feeling lonely and having insomnia. Not having friends was associated with drug and tobacco use, but this was protective for alcohol consumption.
Family supervision was protective for psychoactive substance use among Brazilian schoolchildren, whereas work, loneliness and insomnia have increased their chances of use.
根据人口统计学因素、家庭环境和心理健康状况，分析学童的烟草、酒精和非法药物消费情况。
我们使用了2015年全国学校健康调查的数据，样本包括102301名九年级学童。我们根据人口统计学、心理健康和家庭环境变量，估计了过去30天内烟草和酒精使用以及药物试验的患病率。然后，使用Pearson卡方检验进行双变量分析，并计算未调整的优势比（OR）。最后，我们进行了多变量分析，针对每个结果纳入未调整关联（p<0.20）的自变量，估计调整后的OR及其95%置信区间。
烟草消费患病率为5.6%；酒精消费为23.8%；药物试验为9.0%。多变量分析表明，与父母同住、与父母或监护人一起用餐以及家庭监督与较低的物质消费相关；而未经父母同意缺课会增加物质使用的机会。物质使用机会增加还与白人肤色、年龄增长、工作、感到孤独和失眠有关。没有朋友与药物和烟草使用有关，但对酒精消费有保护作用。
家庭监督对巴西学童使用精神活性物质具有保护作用，而工作、孤独和失眠会增加他们使用的机会。
