Rijkschroeff Patrick, Loos Bruno G, Nicu Elena A
1Department of Periodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081 LA Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Opris Dent SRL, Sibiu, Romania.
Curr Oral Health Rep. 2018;5(4):211-220. doi: 10.1007/s40496-018-0199-6. Epub 2018 Oct 25.
Oral health is maintained in a dynamic equilibrium between the host immunity and the oral microbiome. Oral polymorphonuclear neutrophils (oPMNs) are important innate immune cells in the oral cavity.
The oPMNs play a co-controlling part in the maintenance of oral equilibrium. In human saliva, the oPMNs integrity is preserved, and their function remains unaffected. In general, oPMNs are in a higher state of baseline activation compared to peripheral PMNs. However, in periodontitis, the oPMNs' activation state can result in excessive release of damaging molecules in the extracellular environment.
The presence of oPMNs may unwittingly negatively impact the integrity of the oral tissues. While most of the oPMN functions occur intracellularly, release of their potent active mediators into the extracellular environment may jeopardize oral homeostasis and its integrity. The dual nature of oPMNs, both beneficial and detrimental, remains a challenging and understudied topic.
口腔健康维持在宿主免疫与口腔微生物群之间的动态平衡中。口腔多形核中性粒细胞（oPMN）是口腔中重要的固有免疫细胞。
oPMN在维持口腔平衡中发挥共同控制作用。在人类唾液中，oPMN的完整性得以保留，其功能也未受影响。一般而言，与外周血中性粒细胞相比，oPMN处于更高的基线激活状态。然而，在牙周炎中，oPMN的激活状态可导致在细胞外环境中过度释放损伤性分子。
oPMN的存在可能在不知不觉中对口腔组织的完整性产生负面影响。虽然oPMN的大多数功能发生在细胞内，但它们强效活性介质释放到细胞外环境中可能会危及口腔稳态及其完整性。oPMN有益和有害的双重性质仍然是一个具有挑战性且研究不足的课题。
