Mędrela-Kuder Ewa, Szymura Karolina
University of Physical Education, Department of Health Protection, al. Jana Pawła II 78, 31-571 Krakow, Poland
Rocz Panstw Zakl Hig. 2018;69`(4):397-403. doi: 10.32394/rpzh.2018.0046.
In the prevention of osteoporosis and its treatment, it is important to prevent bone loss by reducing the occurrence of factors determining human health, which reduce the risk of osteoporosis, such as health behaviors.
Characteristics of modifiable risk factors predisposing to osteoporosis, such as: low intake of calcium and vitamin D3 in the diet, smoking, coffee and alcohol abuse.
The study involved 400 women aged 50-74 who are suffering from osteoporosis T-score <-2.5 SD and those who are healthy T-score> -1 SD, living in the Malopolska voivodeship. A questionnaire was used to conduct the study.
More than half of the respondents with osteoporosis (51%) were drinking coffee several times a day. In the healthy group, the majority of respondents (77.5%) were drinking coffee once a day. None of the healthy subjects drank more than two units of alcohol per day, and in the group of patients 2% of respondents declared consumption of more than two units of alcohol every day. Women with osteoporosis were more likely to smoke cigarettes and declared more frequent intake of calcium-containing products than healthy women. In the group of 200 examined women suffering from osteoporosis, 26.5% daily consumed milk, and 21.5% included this product three times a week in their diet. Healthy women did not drink milk every day. One-third (30.5%) of women with osteoporosis provided the daily recommended dose of calcium by consuming a slice of cheese. None of the healthy women examined included yellow cheese in daily meals, but only once (22%) or three times (26.5%) a week.
It is important to introduce a health education in order to increase knowledge about the risk factors of osteoporosis , including the principles of proper nutrition with an emphasis on calcium and vitamin D3 intake.
在骨质疏松症的预防和治疗中，通过减少决定人类健康的因素的发生来预防骨质流失很重要，这些因素可降低骨质疏松症的风险，如健康行为。
易患骨质疏松症的可改变风险因素的特征，如：饮食中钙和维生素D3摄入不足、吸烟、滥用咖啡和酒精。
该研究涉及400名年龄在50 - 74岁之间的女性，她们居住在小波兰省，其中患有骨质疏松症（T值＜ - 2.5标准差）的女性和健康女性（T值＞ - 1标准差）。通过问卷调查进行研究。
超过一半（51%）的骨质疏松症受访者每天喝咖啡数次。在健康组中，大多数受访者（77.5%）每天喝一次咖啡。没有健康受试者每天饮酒超过两个单位，而在患者组中，2%的受访者宣称每天饮酒超过两个单位。与健康女性相比，患有骨质疏松症的女性更有可能吸烟，且宣称摄入含钙产品更频繁。在200名接受检查的患有骨质疏松症的女性中，26.5%的人每天饮用牛奶，21.5%的人每周在饮食中摄入该产品三次。健康女性并非每天都喝牛奶。三分之一（30.5%）的骨质疏松症女性通过食用一片奶酪达到了每日推荐的钙摄入量。接受检查的健康女性在日常饮食中均未包含黄奶酪，只是每周食用一次（22%）或三次（26.5%）。
开展健康教育以增加对骨质疏松症风险因素的认识很重要，包括适当营养的原则，重点是钙和维生素D3的摄入。
