Michaelsen K F, Astrup A V, Mosekilde L, Richelsen B, Schroll M, Sørensen O H
Ernaeringsrådet, København.
Ugeskr Laeger. 1994 Feb 14;156(7):958-60, 963-5.
The prevalence of osteoporosis is increasing, and is a significant burden on society. Dietary composition is an important determinant of the bone mineral density in the growth period, and of the magnitude of the age related bone mineral loss, in particular among postmenopausal women. Therefore, an improvement of the diet has an important role in the prevention of osteoporosis. A sufficient intake of calcium and vitamin D can reduce the risk of fractures in postmenopausal women, and it is likely that a low calcium intake may affect peak bone mass negatively. Calcium in the Danish diet comes mainly from dairy products. Half a litre of milk and 25 g of cheese will cover most people's calcium requirement. Part of the calcium requirement may also be covered by consuming other foods such as cabbage, broccoli and beans. Children, adolescents and elderly individuals who avoid dairy products are recommended to take a calcium supplement. The status of vitamin D among the elderly can be improved by a daily outdoor stay and by a frequent intake of fatty fish such as herrings. Elderly persons who stay indoors are recommended to take a vitamin D supplement.
骨质疏松症的患病率正在上升，给社会带来了沉重负担。饮食结构是生长期骨矿物质密度以及与年龄相关的骨矿物质流失程度的重要决定因素，尤其是在绝经后女性中。因此，改善饮食在预防骨质疏松症方面具有重要作用。充足摄入钙和维生素D可降低绝经后女性骨折的风险，钙摄入量低可能会对峰值骨量产生负面影响。丹麦饮食中的钙主要来自乳制品。半升牛奶和25克奶酪就能满足大多数人的钙需求。食用其他食物，如卷心菜、西兰花和豆类，也可以满足部分钙需求。建议避免食用乳制品的儿童、青少年和老年人补充钙。老年人每天进行户外活动以及经常食用鲱鱼等富含脂肪的鱼类可改善维生素D状况。建议居家的老年人补充维生素D。
