Oliver S Ryan, Anderson Kyle J, Hunstiger Moriah M, Andrews Matthew T
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA.
Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School Duluth, Duluth, MN 55812, USA.
Neurosci Lett. 2019 Mar 23;696:13-19. doi: 10.1016/j.neulet.2018.11.059. Epub 2018 Dec 5.
Hibernation in mammals is a whole-body phenotype that involves profound reductions in oxygen consumption, metabolic reactions, core body temperature, neural activity and heart rate. An important aspect of mammalian hibernation is the ability to reverse this state of hypothermic torpor by rewarming and subsequent arousal. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) and skeletal muscle shivering have been characterized as the predominant driving forces for thermogenesis during arousal. Conversely, the thermogenic contribution of these organs needs to be minimized as hibernating mammals enter torpor. Because skeletal muscle accounts for approximately 40% of the dry mass of the typical mammalian body, we aim to broaden the spotlight to include the importance of down-regulating skeletal muscle non-shivering thermogenesis during hibernation to allow for whole-body cooling and long-term maintenance of a depressed core body temperature when the animal is in torpor. This minireview will briefly describe the current understanding of thermoregulation in hibernating mammals and present new preliminary data on the importance of skeletal muscle and the micro-peptide sarcolipin as a major thermogenic target.
哺乳动物的冬眠是一种全身表型，涉及耗氧量、代谢反应、核心体温、神经活动和心率的大幅降低。哺乳动物冬眠的一个重要方面是能够通过复温和随后的苏醒逆转这种低温蛰伏状态。棕色脂肪组织（BAT）和骨骼肌颤抖已被确定为苏醒期间产热的主要驱动力。相反，当冬眠的哺乳动物进入蛰伏状态时，这些器官的产热作用需要最小化。由于骨骼肌约占典型哺乳动物身体干重的40%，我们旨在扩大关注范围，将冬眠期间下调骨骼肌非颤抖性产热的重要性纳入其中，以便在动物处于蛰伏状态时实现全身冷却并长期维持较低的核心体温。本综述将简要描述目前对冬眠哺乳动物体温调节的理解，并展示关于骨骼肌和微肽肌脂蛋白作为主要产热靶点重要性的新的初步数据。
