Stevenson J C
Cavendish Clinic, London, England.
Drugs. 1988 Aug;36(2):229-38. doi: 10.2165/00003495-198836020-00005.
The pathogenic mechanisms causing malignant hypercalcaemia are primarily increased bone calcium mobilisation and renal calcium retention. In some reticuloendothelial malignancies, enhanced intestinal calcium absorption may also play a role. Malignant hypercalcaemia is a life-threatening condition, and there are many patients with malignancy in whom suppression of this complication is most desirable. In such cases, successful management of the hypercalcaemia will enable the overall treatment aims, such as tumour removal or ablation, to be achieved. Acute treatment involves the rapid lowering of serum calcium from potentially fatal concentrations, and comprises the use of intravenous rehydration, calcitonin and diphosphonates. In the longer term, other measures may be introduced to maintain and control the calcium concentration while specific antitumour therapy is instituted.
导致恶性高钙血症的致病机制主要是骨钙动员增加和肾钙潴留。在一些网状内皮系统恶性肿瘤中，肠道钙吸收增强也可能起作用。恶性高钙血症是一种危及生命的病症，有许多恶性肿瘤患者非常希望抑制这种并发症。在这些情况下，成功处理高钙血症将有助于实现整体治疗目标，如肿瘤切除或消融。急性治疗包括迅速将血清钙从可能致命的浓度降下来，包括静脉补液、使用降钙素和二膦酸盐。从长远来看，在开展特异性抗肿瘤治疗的同时，可采取其他措施来维持和控制钙浓度。
