Forster J
Universitäts-Kinderklinik, Freiburg, Federal Republic of Germany.
Eur J Pediatr. 1988 Aug;147(6):570-3. doi: 10.1007/BF00442464.
Rubella vaccination programmes aim to prevent congenital rubella infections. Previously differing programmes have now converged according to the following principle: First vaccination should be given at the age of 15 months (together with measles and mumps vaccine) to both boys and girls, in order to diminish the circulation of the wild virus. Teenage girls require (re-)vaccination to ensure their immunity. Also non-immune women have to be identified and vaccinated before they become pregnant. A low acceptance rate increases the risk of infection of pregnant women, independent of the vaccination omitted. As a rule natural and vaccine-induced immunity prevents congenital rubella infections. These infections are exceedingly rare in children born to immune mothers, and are always caused by the wild virus. This minimal risk will disappear only with the eradication of rubella virus, still a distant goal in countries offering vaccination only on a voluntary basis.
风疹疫苗接种计划旨在预防先天性风疹感染。以前不同的计划现在已根据以下原则趋于一致：首次接种应在15个月大时（与麻疹和腮腺炎疫苗同时接种）对男孩和女孩进行，以减少野生病毒的传播。十几岁的女孩需要（重新）接种疫苗以确保其免疫力。此外，还必须识别出非免疫妇女，并在她们怀孕前进行接种。低接种率会增加孕妇感染的风险，而与未接种的疫苗无关。通常，自然免疫和疫苗诱导的免疫可预防先天性风疹感染。在免疫母亲所生的儿童中，这些感染极为罕见，并且总是由野生病毒引起。只有根除风疹病毒，这种最小风险才会消失，而在仅提供自愿接种疫苗的国家，这仍然是一个遥远的目标。
