Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
Front Immunol. 2018 Nov 27;9:2733. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02733. eCollection 2018.
Macrophages are increasingly recognized as essential players in the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis and as key sentinels of the intestinal immune system. However, somewhat paradoxically, they are also implicated in chronic pathologies of the gastrointestinal tract, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and are therefore considered potential targets for novel therapies. In this review, we will discuss recent advances in our understanding of intestinal macrophage heterogeneity, their ontogeny and the potential factors that regulate their origin. We will describe how the local environment of the intestine imprints the phenotypic and functional identity of the macrophage compartment, and how this changes during intestinal inflammation and infection. Finally, we highlight key outstanding questions that should be the focus of future research.
巨噬细胞越来越被认为是维持肠道内稳态的重要参与者，也是肠道免疫系统的关键哨兵。然而，有些矛盾的是，它们也与胃肠道的慢性病理有关，如炎症性肠病（IBD），因此被认为是新疗法的潜在靶点。在这篇综述中，我们将讨论我们对肠道巨噬细胞异质性、它们的发生和潜在调节其起源的因素的理解的最新进展。我们将描述肠道的局部环境如何给巨噬细胞区室打上表型和功能的印记，以及在肠道炎症和感染过程中这种变化是如何发生的。最后，我们强调了应该成为未来研究重点的关键未解决问题。
