Department of Dental Materials, Army Medical College, NUMS, Pakistan.
Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
Int J Biol Macromol. 2019 Mar 15;125:761-766. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.12.091. Epub 2018 Dec 10.
Tissue conditioners are commonly used to improve the adaptation of ill-fitting dentures. These materials are easily colonized by Candida albicans (C. albicans), resulting in "denture stomatitis". Chitosan and its derivative possess inherent antifungal activity. This study aims to formulate a chitosan-based tissue conditioner and assess its anti-fungal efficacy against C. albicans over time. A chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) was synthesized from commercially purchased chitosan and was characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of COS and commercial chitosan against C. abicans was evaluated using broth micro-dilution assay (n = 3). Next, it was incorporated into tissue conditioners and two experimental groups i.e. tissue conditioner modified by chitosan (TC-CH) and tissue conditioner modified by COS (TC-COS) were prepared. The in-vitro antifungal activity of experimental group was compared with a control group (chitosan-free tissue conditioner) by counting numbers of colony forming units (CFUs) (n = 3). The antifungal potential of experimental formulations over time in a simulated oral environment was also evaluated using a spectrophotometry (n = 3). A potent in-vitro antifungal activity against C. albicans was observed. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of pure commercial chitosan and COS was 0.625 mg/ml and 0.3125 mg/ml respectively. Compared to the control group, experimental groups showed a reduction in number of CFUs of C. albicans density. Once immersed in saliva, the TC-CH retained its inhibitory effect for 24 h, while TC-COS exhibited improved inhibition until the third day, beyond which a gradual reduction in the inhibitory effect was observed. Experimental formulations showed a reduction in C. albicans density compared to the control group. Thus, a novel combination of chitosan and tissue conditioners is a promising alternative for prevention and treatment of denture stomatitis.
组织调理剂常用于改善不合适义齿的适应性。这些材料很容易被白色念珠菌（C. albicans）定植，导致“义齿性口炎”。壳聚糖及其衍生物具有固有的抗真菌活性。本研究旨在制备一种基于壳聚糖的组织调理剂，并评估其对白色念珠菌的抗真菌效果随时间的变化。壳聚糖低聚糖（COS）是从市售壳聚糖合成的，并通过傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）和 X 射线衍射分析（XRD）进行了表征。采用肉汤微量稀释法（n = 3）评估 COS 和商业壳聚糖对 C. abicans 的最低抑菌浓度（MIC）。然后，将其掺入组织调理剂中，制备了壳聚糖改性组织调理剂（TC-CH）和壳聚糖低聚糖改性组织调理剂（TC-COS）两个实验组。通过计数菌落形成单位（CFU）（n = 3）比较实验组与对照组（不含壳聚糖的组织调理剂）的体外抗真菌活性。还通过分光光度法（n = 3）评估了实验制剂在模拟口腔环境中的抗真菌效果随时间的变化。观察到对 C. albicans 的体外抗真菌活性强。纯商业壳聚糖和 COS 的最低抑菌浓度（MIC）分别为 0.625mg/ml 和 0.3125mg/ml。与对照组相比，实验组白色念珠菌的 CFU 数量减少。一旦浸入唾液中，TC-CH 在 24 小时内保持抑制作用，而 TC-COS 则表现出直到第三天的抑制作用增强，之后抑制作用逐渐减弱。实验组与对照组相比，白色念珠菌的密度降低。因此，壳聚糖和组织调理剂的新组合是预防和治疗义齿性口炎的一种有前途的替代方法。
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