Smart Farm Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung, Gangwon 25451, Korea.
College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro 25523, Tanzania.
Molecules. 2020 Aug 12;25(16):3682. doi: 10.3390/molecules25163682.
Glucosinolates (GSs) are common anionic plant secondary metabolites in the order Brassicales. Together with glucosinolate hydrolysis products (GSHPs), they have recently gained much attention due to their biological activities and mechanisms of action. We review herein the health benefits of GSs/GSHPs, approaches to improve the plant contents, their bioavailability and bioactivity. In this review, only literature published between 2010 and March 2020 was retrieved from various scientific databases. Findings indicate that these compounds (natural, pure, synthetic, and derivatives) play an important role in human/animal health (disease therapy and prevention), plant health (defense chemicals, biofumigants/biocides), and food industries (preservatives). Overall, much interest is focused on in vitro studies as anti-cancer and antimicrobial agents. GS/GSHP levels improvement in plants utilizes mostly biotic/abiotic stresses and short periods of phytohormone application. Their availability and bioactivity are directly proportional to their contents at the source, which is affected by methods of food preparation, processing, and extraction. This review concludes that, to a greater extent, there is a need to explore and improve GS-rich sources, which should be emphasized to obtain natural bioactive compounds/active ingredients that can be included among synthetic and commercial products for use in maintaining and promoting health. Furthermore, the development of advanced research on compounds pharmacokinetics, their molecular mode of action, genetics based on biosynthesis, their uses in promoting the health of living organisms is highlighted.
硫代葡萄糖苷（GSs）是芸薹属植物中常见的阴离子植物次生代谢物。由于其生物活性和作用机制，它们最近备受关注，与硫代葡萄糖苷水解产物（GSHPs）一起。本文综述了 GSs/GSHPs 的健康益处、提高植物含量的方法、它们的生物利用度和生物活性。在本文综述中，仅检索了 2010 年至 2020 年 3 月期间各种科学数据库中发表的文献。研究结果表明，这些化合物（天然、纯、合成和衍生物）在人类/动物健康（疾病治疗和预防）、植物健康（防御化学品、生物熏蒸剂/杀生剂）和食品工业（防腐剂）中发挥着重要作用。总的来说，人们对体外研究作为抗癌和抗菌剂的兴趣浓厚。植物中 GS/GSHP 水平的提高主要利用生物/非生物胁迫和短时间的植物激素应用。它们的可用性和生物活性与其在来源中的含量成正比，这受到食物制备、加工和提取方法的影响。本综述得出的结论是，在更大程度上，需要探索和改善富含 GS 的来源，应强调获得天然生物活性化合物/有效成分，这些化合物/有效成分可以作为合成和商业产品的一部分，用于维持和促进健康。此外，还强调了化合物药代动力学、分子作用模式、基于生物合成的遗传学以及它们在促进生物体健康方面的应用的深入研究的必要性。
