Dashzeveg Delgermaa, Nakamura Keiko, Seino Kaoruko, Al-Sobaihi Saber, Palam Enkhtuya
Department of Global Health Entrepreneurship, Graduate School of Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan.
Department of Nutrition, National Center for Public Health, Ministry of Health, Mongolia.
J Rural Med. 2018 Nov;13(2):151-159. doi: 10.2185/jrm.2977. Epub 2018 Nov 29.
This study examined the change in physical activity status and patterns and their associations with urban and rural residence and employment status in Mongolia. We analyzed data from 7,738 adults aged from 20 to 64 years (n = 2,877 and 4,861 for 2005 and 2013, respectively) from the Mongolian STEPS Survey on the Prevalence of Non-Communicable Disease Risk Factors (NCD-STEPS survey). Physical activity in three domains, including work (occupational and household work); transport (walk or cycling); and leisure (sport or fitness) was measured by Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ). Physical activity levels were classified into three groups: low, moderate, and high according to the GPAQ analysis framework. The associations between physical activity time, residential area, and employment status were examined using a multivariate negative binomial regression model. The percentage of respondents with low-level physical activity increased from 10.9% in 2005 to 27.2% in 2013. The median minutes of physical activity time per week were 1,020 in 2005 and 600 in 2013. Physical activity time at work, transport and overall decreased in 2013. Work-related physical activity was the most dominant component of physical activity time (55.6% in 2005 and 54.6% in 2013), the transport domain was the second-highest contributor of physical activity time in 2005 (24.0%) and was replaced by the leisure domain (26.8%) in 2013. Rural residents practiced more physical activity at work, transport, and leisure than urban residents did in 2005 (prevalence ratio [PR]: 1.33, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.20-1.47; PR: 1.21, 95%CI: 1.14-1.29; and PR: 1.21, 95%CI: 1.13-1.30, respectively), but there was no significant difference by residential area in 2013. Mongolian adults with higher educational attainment, employee status, and non-employment status were less likely to engage in physical activity compared to those among adults with lower educational attainment and self-employed status.
本研究调查了蒙古国身体活动状况和模式的变化及其与城乡居住情况和就业状况的关联。我们分析了蒙古国非传染性疾病风险因素流行情况的蒙古国行为危险因素监测调查（NCD-STEPS调查）中7738名年龄在20至64岁的成年人的数据（2005年为2877人，2013年为4861人）。通过全球身体活动问卷（GPAQ）测量工作（职业工作和家务劳动）、交通（步行或骑自行车）和休闲（运动或健身）三个领域的身体活动。根据GPAQ分析框架，身体活动水平分为低、中、高三组。使用多元负二项回归模型研究身体活动时间、居住地区和就业状况之间的关联。身体活动水平低的受访者比例从2005年的10.9%增至2013年的27.2%。2005年每周身体活动时间的中位数为1020分钟，2013年为600分钟。2013年，工作、交通及总体身体活动时间均减少。与工作相关的身体活动是身体活动时间中最主要的组成部分（2005年为55.6%，2013年为54.6%），交通领域在2005年是身体活动时间的第二大贡献领域（24.0%），2013年被休闲领域（26.8%）取代。2005年，农村居民在工作、交通和休闲方面的身体活动比城市居民更多（患病率比值[PR]：1.33，95%置信区间[CI]：1.20 - 1.47；PR：1.21，95%CI：1.14 - 1.29；PR：1.21，95%CI：1.13 - 1.30），但2013年按居住地区划分无显著差异。与受教育程度较低和个体经营的成年人相比，受教育程度较高、有雇员身份和无业的蒙古国成年人进行身体活动的可能性较小。
