Department of Health Education and Behavioural Sciences, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
Department of Public Health, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria, South Africa.
Front Public Health. 2023 Aug 29;11:1238348. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1238348. eCollection 2023.
Understanding national trends in risk factors of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) may have health policy implications. The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence and social and demographic factors associated with risk factors of NCDs in adults from 2008 to 2019 in Sao Tome and Principe.
In repeat cross-sectional national STEPS surveys 2,457 adults (median age 37 years) in 2008 and 1,893 adults (median age 38 years) in 2019 in Sao Tome and Principe responded to structured interviews, physical and biochemical measures. Logistic regressions were applied to estimate predictors of NCD risk factors.
Having three to seven NCD risk factors significantly decreased among men but not women from 36.6% in 2008 to 26.8% in 2019. The proportion of specific risk factors of NCD increased significantly for low physical activity from 17.4% in 2008 to 30.9% in 2019, and overweight/obesity from 37.3% in 2008 to 51.0% in 2019. Insufficient fruit/vegetable consumption decreased from 83.1% in 2008 to 53.3% in 2019, frequent alcohol use from 32.6% in 2008 to 24.8% in 2019, and diabetes from 3.1% in 2008 to 1.2% in 2019, while the proportion of current tobacco use and hypertension remained unchanged from 2008 to 2019. Men engaged more often than women in current tobacco use and frequent alcohol use, and women had higher rates of low physical activity and overweight/obesity than men. Higher educational levels were positively associated with overweight/obesity, and inversely associated with frequent alcohol use and inadequate fruit/vegetable intake.
Between 2008 and 2019, the prevalence of seven risk factors for NCDs in Sao Tome and Principe declined among men, but not among women. Several associated variables have been identified for each individual risk factor of NCD that may help guide interventions.
了解非传染性疾病（NCD）危险因素的国家趋势可能对卫生政策具有影响。本研究旨在评估 2008 年至 2019 年圣多美和普林西比成年人 NCD 危险因素的流行情况和与社会人口学因素的相关性。
在重复的国家 STEPS 横断面调查中，圣多美和普林西比 2008 年有 2457 名成年人（中位数年龄 37 岁）和 2019 年有 1893 名成年人（中位数年龄 38 岁）接受了结构化访谈、体格检查和生物化学测量。应用逻辑回归估计 NCD 危险因素的预测因素。
男性有 3 至 7 个 NCD 危险因素的比例从 2008 年的 36.6%显著下降到 2019 年的 26.8%，而女性则无显著变化。特定的 NCD 危险因素比例显著增加，2008 年至 2019 年，体力活动不足从 17.4%增加到 30.9%，超重/肥胖从 37.3%增加到 51.0%。2008 年至 2019 年，水果/蔬菜摄入不足从 83.1%下降到 53.3%，饮酒频繁从 32.6%下降到 24.8%，糖尿病从 3.1%下降到 1.2%，而同期吸烟和高血压的比例则保持不变。男性比女性更经常吸烟和饮酒频繁，女性的体力活动不足和超重/肥胖发生率高于男性。较高的教育水平与超重/肥胖呈正相关，与饮酒频繁和水果/蔬菜摄入不足呈负相关。
2008 年至 2019 年，圣多美和普林西比男性的 NCD 七种危险因素的流行率下降，但女性无明显变化。针对每个 NCD 危险因素，已经确定了一些相关变量，这些变量可能有助于指导干预措施。
