Chovanec Michal, Albany Costantine, Mego Michal, Montironi Rodolfo, Cimadamore Alessia, Cheng Liang
2nd Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University and National Cancer Institute, Bratislava, Slovakia.
Division of Hematology and Oncology, Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN, United States.
Front Oncol. 2018 Nov 28;8:571. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00571. eCollection 2018.
Testicular germ cell tumors are unique among solid cancers. Historically, this disease was deadly if progressed beyond the stage I. The implementation of cisplatin-based chemotherapy regimens has drastically changed the clinical outcome of metastatic testicular cancer. Several biomarkers were established to refine the prognosis by International Germ Cell Collaborative Group in 1997. Among these, the most significant were primary tumor site; metastatic sites, such as non-pulmonary visceral metastases; and the amplitude of serum tumor markers α-fetoprotein, β-chorionic gonadotropin, and lactate dehydrogenase. Since then, oncology has experienced discoveries of various molecular biomarkers to further refine the prognosis and treatment of malignancies. However, the ability to predict the prognosis and treatment response in germ cell tumors did not improve for many years. Clinical trials with novel targeting agents that were conducted in refractory germ cell tumor patients have proven to have negative outcomes. With the recent advances and developments, novel biomarkers emerge in the field of germ cell tumor oncology. This review article aims to summarize the current knowledge in the research of novel prognostic biomarkers in testicular germ cell tumors.
睾丸生殖细胞肿瘤在实体癌中独具特色。从历史上看，如果疾病进展到I期以上，这种疾病是致命的。基于顺铂的化疗方案的实施极大地改变了转移性睾丸癌的临床结局。1997年，国际生殖细胞协作组建立了几种生物标志物以优化预后。其中，最重要的是原发肿瘤部位；转移部位，如非肺内脏转移；以及血清肿瘤标志物甲胎蛋白、β绒毛膜促性腺激素和乳酸脱氢酶的幅度。从那时起，肿瘤学领域经历了各种分子生物标志物的发现，以进一步优化恶性肿瘤的预后和治疗。然而，多年来，预测生殖细胞肿瘤预后和治疗反应的能力并未得到改善。在难治性生殖细胞肿瘤患者中进行的新型靶向药物临床试验已被证明结果不佳。随着最近的进展和发展，生殖细胞肿瘤肿瘤学领域出现了新型生物标志物。这篇综述文章旨在总结睾丸生殖细胞肿瘤新型预后生物标志物研究的当前知识。
