Icelandic Vision Laboratory, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Oddi við Sturlugötu 113, Reykjavík IS107, Iceland.
Icelandic Vision Laboratory, School of Humanitites and Social Sciences, University of Akureyri. Hafnarstræti 97, Akureyri IS600, Iceland.
Curr Opin Psychol. 2019 Oct;29:71-75. doi: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2018.11.013. Epub 2018 Nov 28.
Humans possess a primitive memory system for attention deployments that allows quick reorientation of visual attention to stimuli that are relevant to behavior at any given moment. We review recent evidence regarding such attentional priming effects from a number of different perspectives. We discuss recent findings on the time course and duration of such effects, the potential interaction of priming and top-down attentional guidance; how priming can be used to probe the nature of visual representations and attentional templates; findings on the basic nature of priming effects and recent relevant findings on so-called serial dependencies that share many characteristics with attentional priming. Our discussion shows that priming effects are strong and occur on many levels of perceptual processing, and that these effects cannot and should not be thought of as reflecting the operation of any single type of mechanism. Additionally, our overview shows the utility of these paradigms in answering questions about how we represent statistical regularities of stimuli in our environment.
人类拥有一种原始的注意力部署记忆系统，使我们能够快速将视觉注意力重新定向到与当前行为相关的刺激上。我们从多个不同的角度回顾了最近关于这种注意力启动效应的证据。我们讨论了关于这种效应的时间进程和持续时间、启动和自上而下的注意力引导的潜在相互作用；启动如何用于探测视觉表示和注意力模板的性质；关于启动效应的基本性质的发现，以及最近关于与注意力启动具有许多共同特征的所谓序列依赖的相关发现。我们的讨论表明，启动效应很强，并且发生在许多感知处理层面上，这些效应不能也不应该被认为反映了任何单一类型的机制的运作。此外，我们的综述表明，这些范式在回答关于我们如何在环境中表示刺激的统计规律的问题方面具有实用性。
