Aquaculture Research Institute, University of Idaho, 3059F National Fish Hatchery Rd, Hagerman, ID, 83332, USA.
Bozeman Fish Technology Center, USFWS, 4050 Bridger Canyon Rd, Bozeman, MT, 59715, USA.
Fish Shellfish Immunol. 2019 Mar;86:764-771. doi: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.12.025. Epub 2018 Dec 13.
The current study examines expression of S100 genes, a group of calcium-sensing proteins poorly characterized in fishes. In mammals, these proteins are known to play roles beyond calcium-signaling, including mediation of inflammatory processes. Some S100 proteins also serve as biomarkers for a variety of autoinflammatory conditions. It is well known that salmonids exhibit varying degrees of intestinal enteritis when exposed to alternative feed ingredients containing antinutritional factors, with soybean meal (SBM) being one of the best characterized. The etiology of soy-caused distal enteritis isn't entirely understood but displays similar histopathological alterations to the gut observed in human mucosal inflammatory bowel diseases. We sought to determine if teleost S100 genes show a concomitant response like that observed in mammals, utilizing rainbow trout fed high-soy diets as a model for intestinal inflammation. We examined expression of fourteen known salmonid S100 genes in the liver, first segment of the mid-intestine (proximal intestine), and second segment of the mid-intestine (distal intestine). After 12 weeks on a high-soy diet containing 40% SBM, we observed upregulation of several S100 genes in the distal intestine (S100I2, A10a, V1, V2, and W), no changes in the proximal intestine, and downregulation of S100V2 in the liver. Overall, our results provide further knowledge of the expression of S100 genes and provide targets for future research regarding inflammatory processes in the rainbow trout gut.
本研究探讨了 S100 基因的表达，S100 基因是一组在鱼类中特征研究不足的钙感应蛋白。在哺乳动物中，这些蛋白除了钙信号传导外，还被认为具有多种炎症过程的调节作用。一些 S100 蛋白也可用作各种自身炎症性疾病的生物标志物。众所周知，当鲑鱼科鱼类暴露于含有抗营养因子的替代饲料成分时，会表现出不同程度的肠炎，其中豆粕（SBM）是特征研究最充分的一种。大豆引起的远端肠炎的病因尚不完全清楚，但显示出与人类黏膜炎症性肠病中观察到的肠道相似的组织病理学改变。我们试图确定硬骨鱼类 S100 基因是否像哺乳动物那样表现出伴随的反应，利用摄食高豆粕饮食的虹鳟鱼作为肠道炎症的模型。我们检查了 14 种已知的鲑鱼 S100 基因在肝脏、中肠的第一段（近端肠）和中肠的第二段（远端肠）中的表达。摄食含有 40%豆粕的高豆粕饮食 12 周后，我们观察到远端肠（S100I2、A10a、V1、V2 和 W）中几个 S100 基因的上调，近端肠没有变化，而肝脏中 S100V2 的下调。总的来说，我们的研究结果提供了 S100 基因表达的进一步知识，并为未来研究虹鳟鱼肠道炎症过程提供了研究靶点。
