Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA.
Postgrad Med J. 2018 Dec;94(1118):694-699. doi: 10.1136/postgradmedj-2018-135960. Epub 2018 Dec 15.
To characterise determinants of resident maternity leave and their effect on maternal and infant well-being. Among non-parents, to identify factors that influence the decision to delay childbearing STUDY DESIGN: In 2016, a survey was sent to female residents at a large academic medical centre on their experiences with maternity leave, the impact of personal and programme factors on length of leave, reasons for delaying childbearing and measures of well-being.
Forty-four percent (214/481) of residents responded. Fifty (23%) residents were parents, and 25 (12%) took maternity leave during training. The average maternity leave length was 8.4 weeks and did not differ across programme type, size or programme director gender but was longer for programmes with fewer women than men. The most common self-reported determinant of leave was financial. Residents with 8 weeks of leave were less likely to have postpartum depression or burnout and more likely to breastfeed longer, perceive support from colleagues and programme directors, and be satisfied with resident parenthood. Among 104 non-parents who were married or partnered, 84 (81%) were delaying childbearing, citing busy work schedules, concern for burdening colleagues and finances.
This study suggests that multiple aspects of resident wellbeing are associated with longer maternity leaves, yet finances and professional relationships hinder length of leave and lead to delayed childbearing. These issues could be addressed at a programme level with clear policies describing how work is redistributed during parental leave and at an institutional and state level through provision of paid family leave.
描述决定居民产假的因素及其对母婴健康的影响。在非父母中，确定影响推迟生育决定的因素。
2016 年，对一家大型学术医疗中心的女性住院医师进行了一项调查，内容包括她们的产假经历、个人和项目因素对休假时间的影响、推迟生育的原因以及幸福感的衡量标准。
481 名住院医师中有 44%（214 名）做出了回应。50 名（23%）住院医师是父母，25 名（12%）在培训期间休产假。平均产假长度为 8.4 周，与项目类型、规模或项目主任性别无关，但在女性人数少于男性的项目中较长。最常见的休假自我报告决定因素是财务。休假 8 周的居民产后抑郁或倦怠的可能性较小，母乳喂养时间更长，更能感受到同事和项目主任的支持，对住院医师父母身份更满意。在 104 名已婚或伴侣的非父母中，84 名（81%）正在推迟生育，原因是工作时间繁忙、担心给同事和经济带来负担。
本研究表明，居民幸福感的多个方面与较长的产假有关，但财务和职业关系阻碍了休假时间，导致生育推迟。这些问题可以在项目层面上通过明确的政策来解决，这些政策描述了在父母休假期间如何重新分配工作，在机构和州层面上可以通过提供带薪家庭假来解决。
