Long-term effects of chlorantraniliprole reduced risk insecticide applied as seed treatment on lady beetle Harmonia axyridis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae).

Chlorantraniliprole (CAP) is a reduced risk insecticide, which used as seed treatment in many crops. However, CAP residues can contaminate pollen and nectar, becoming a potential risk to beneficial arthropods. The aims of this study were to (1) determine the non-target effects of CAP seed treatment of cotton on Harmonia axyridis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) over two generations, and (2) assess the ability of the lady beetles to avoid plants grown from treated seeds. The exposure of H. axyridis larvae and adults to cotton seedlings grown from CAP treated seeds did not have a significantly affect on any life history parameters of the lady beetles directly exposed (F0). However, CAP caused significant transgenerational effects in the both larval and adult stages of H. axyridis. The CAP treatment of larvae exposure reduced the larval and pupal developmental time and the male body weight of F1 generation as well as the survival of the lady beetles over the developmental stages. In the adult bioassay, CAP seed treatment reduced both pupal developmental time and egg viability of F1 generation and decreased the survival of H. axyridis over the F1 generation developmental. In olfactometer test, only the H. axyridis larvae were able to avoid cotton seedlings grown from CAP treated seeds. The results of this study confirm the hypothesis that systemic insecticides, when applied to seed treatments, can cause negative effects on non-target organisms. In addition, the study emphasizes the importance of long-term assessments of the pesticides side-effects on beneficial arthropods.