Institute of Coaching and Performance, School of Sport and Wellbeing, University of Central Lancashire, Fylde Road, Preston, PR1 2HE, UK.
Exercise and Nutritional Genomics Research Centre, DNAFit Ltd, London, UK.
Sports Med. 2019 Jan;49(1):1-7. doi: 10.1007/s40279-018-01041-1.
It is well established that exercise is an important component in the maintenance of good health, and yet recent studies have demonstrated that a sub-section of individuals experience no significant improvements following an exercise training intervention. Such individuals are commonly termed "non-responders". However, recently a number of researchers have taken a skeptical view as to whether exercise non-response either exists, or is clinically relevant. Here, we explore the research underpinning exercise response, to determine whether non-response to exercise actually exists. We discuss the impact of measurement error and assessment type on the identification of "non-responders", and whether such non-response is global- or modality-specific. Additionally, we discuss whether, if non-response to an exercise intervention is meaningful and relevant, certain additional interventions-in the form of increasing exercise intensity, volume, or duration-could be made in order to enhance training adaptations. Consequently, based on our interpretations of the available evidence, we suggest that it is unlikely that global non-responders to exercise exist. Furthermore, we suggest this realization effectively counters the perception that some individuals will not positively respond to exercise, and that in turn, this insight serves to encourage health professionals to create more nuanced, efficacious, and individually-focused exercise prescriptions designed to circumvent and overcome apparent non-responsiveness. Adopting a more individually-adaptive approach to exercise prescription could, subsequently, prove a powerful tool in promoting population health.
众所周知，运动是保持身体健康的重要组成部分，但最近的研究表明，有一部分人在进行运动训练干预后并没有显著改善。这些人通常被称为“无反应者”。然而，最近一些研究人员对运动无反应是否存在或具有临床相关性持怀疑态度。在这里，我们探讨了运动反应的研究基础，以确定运动无反应是否确实存在。我们讨论了测量误差和评估类型对“无反应者”识别的影响，以及这种无反应是全身性的还是特定于某种模式的。此外，我们还讨论了如果对运动干预的无反应是有意义和相关的，是否可以通过增加运动强度、量或持续时间等形式进行某些额外的干预，以增强训练适应。因此，根据我们对现有证据的解释，我们认为不太可能存在对运动无反应的全身性个体。此外，我们认为这种认识有效地反驳了一些人不会对运动产生积极反应的观点，进而促使健康专业人员制定更细致、更有效的、以个体为中心的运动处方，以避免和克服明显的无反应性。随后，采用更个体化的运动处方方法可能成为促进人群健康的有力工具。
