Marine Resources Department, CINVESTAV-Mérida, A.P. 73, Cordemex, Mérida, Yucatán 97310, Mexico.
Laboratoire de Biotechnologie et Chimie Marines, Université de Bretagne Sud, EA3884, UBS, IUEM, F-56000 Vannes, France.
Mar Drugs. 2018 Dec 6;16(12):487. doi: 10.3390/md16120487.
Marine macroalgae (seaweed) are an excellent source of novel bioactive metabolites. The biorefinery concept applied to seaweed facilitates the extraction of many chemical constituents from the same biomass ensuring that the resource is used fully, generating few residues through a succession of extraction steps. In the present study, the biomass of the carragenophyte (Rhodophyta, Gigartinales) cultured in an integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA) system was evaluated to obtain valuable products by a biorefinery approach. Enzymatic-assisted extraction (EAE) and microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) were the eco-friendly technologies used to ensure an environmentally friendly valorization of the biomass. Three valuable products were successfully recovered: a water-soluble extract rich in proteins and sulfated polysaccharides suitable as a food supplement; a lipid fraction rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) with potential to be used in the nutraceutical industry; and a pure ι-carrageenan with a powerful antiviral activity against virus (EC = 6.3 µg mL) comparable to the commercial antiviral acyclovir (EC = 3.2⁻5.4 µg mL).
海洋大型藻类（海藻）是新型生物活性代谢物的绝佳来源。应用于海藻的生物炼制概念有助于从同一生物质中提取许多化学成分，确保资源得到充分利用，通过一系列提取步骤产生很少的残留物。在本研究中，评估了在综合多营养水产养殖（IMTA）系统中培养的卡拉胶藻（红藻门，Gigartinales）的生物质，通过生物炼制方法获得有价值的产品。酶辅助提取（EAE）和微波辅助提取（MAE）是用于确保生物质环保增值的环保技术。成功回收了三种有价值的产品：富含蛋白质和硫酸多糖的水溶性提取物，适合作为食品补充剂；富含多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFAs）的脂质部分，具有在营养保健品行业使用的潜力；以及具有强大抗病毒活性的纯 ι-卡拉胶，对病毒的半数有效浓度（EC=6.3 µg mL）可与商业抗病毒药物阿昔洛韦（EC=3.2-5.4 µg mL）相媲美。
