Alipour Masoume, Nabavi Seyed Massood, Arab Leila, Vosough Massoud, Pakdaman Hossein, Ehsani Ehsan, Shahpasand Koorosh
Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Banihashem Sq., Banihashem St., Resalat highway, P.O. Box 19395-4644, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology at Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
Mol Biol Rep. 2019 Feb;46(1):1425-1446. doi: 10.1007/s11033-018-4499-7. Epub 2018 Dec 18.
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the sixth leading cause of death globally and the main reason for dementia in elderly people. AD is a long-term and progressive neurodegenerative disorder that steadily worsens memory and communicating skills eventually leads to a disabled person of performing simple daily tasks. Unfortunately, numerous clinical trials exploring new therapeutic drugs have encountered disappointing outcomes in terms of improved cognitive performance since they are not capable of halting or stimulating the regeneration of already-damaged neural cells, and merely provide symptomatic relief. Therefore, a deeper understanding of the mechanism of action of stem cell may contribute to the development of novel and effective therapies. The revolutionary discovery of stem cells has cast a new hope for the development of disease-modifying treatments for AD, in terms of their potency in the replenishment of lost cells via differentiating towards specific lineages, stimulating in situ neurogenesis, and delivering the therapeutic agents to the brain. Herein, firstly, we explore the pathophysiology of AD. Next, we summarize the most recent preclinical stem cell reports designed for AD treatment, their benefits and outcomes according to cell type. We briefly review relevant clinical trials and their potential clinical applications in order to find a unique solution to effectively relieve the patients' pain.
阿尔茨海默病（AD）是全球第六大死因，也是老年人痴呆的主要原因。AD是一种长期进行性神经退行性疾病，会使记忆力和沟通能力逐渐恶化，最终导致患者无法完成简单的日常任务。不幸的是，众多探索新型治疗药物的临床试验在改善认知表现方面都遭遇了令人失望的结果，因为这些药物无法阻止或刺激已受损神经细胞的再生，而仅仅只能缓解症状。因此，深入了解干细胞的作用机制可能有助于开发新的有效疗法。干细胞的革命性发现为AD的疾病修饰治疗带来了新希望，因为它们能够通过向特定谱系分化来补充丢失的细胞、刺激原位神经发生以及将治疗剂输送到大脑。在此，首先，我们探讨AD的病理生理学。接下来，我们总结了最近针对AD治疗的临床前干细胞报告，根据细胞类型阐述了它们的益处和结果。我们简要回顾相关临床试验及其潜在的临床应用，以便找到有效缓解患者痛苦的独特解决方案。
