Smatti Maria K, Al Thani Asmaa A, Yassine Hadi M
Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.
Front Microbiol. 2018 Dec 5;9:2991. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02991. eCollection 2018.
Understanding immune responses to viral infections is crucial to progress in the quest for effective infection prevention and control. The host immunity involves various mechanisms to combat viral infections. Under certain circumstances, a viral infection or vaccination may result in a subverted immune system, which may lead to an exacerbated illness. Clinical evidence of enhanced illness by preexisting antibodies from vaccination, infection or maternal passive immunity is available for several viruses and is presumptively proposed for other viruses. Multiple mechanisms have been proposed to explain this phenomenon. It has been confirmed that certain infection- and/or vaccine-induced immunity could exacerbate viral infectivity in Fc receptor- or complement bearing cells- mediated mechanisms. Considering that antibody dependent enhancement (ADE) is a major obstacle in vaccine development, there are continues efforts to understand the underlying mechanisms through identification of the epitopes and antibodies responsible for disease enhancement or protection. This review discusses the recent findings on virally induced ADE, and highlights the potential mechanisms leading to this condition.
了解对病毒感染的免疫反应对于寻求有效的感染预防和控制至关重要。宿主免疫涉及多种对抗病毒感染的机制。在某些情况下，病毒感染或疫苗接种可能导致免疫系统被颠覆，进而可能导致病情加重。接种疫苗、感染或母体被动免疫产生的预先存在的抗体导致病情加重的临床证据在几种病毒中都有，并且推测在其他病毒中也存在。已经提出了多种机制来解释这一现象。已经证实，某些感染和/或疫苗诱导的免疫在Fc受体或补体携带细胞介导的机制中可能会加剧病毒感染性。鉴于抗体依赖性增强（ADE）是疫苗开发中的一个主要障碍，人们一直在努力通过识别导致疾病加重或保护的表位和抗体来了解其潜在机制。本综述讨论了病毒诱导的ADE的最新发现，并强调了导致这种情况的潜在机制。
