Circulating Exosomes as Potential Biomarkers in Cardiovascular Disease.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the first leading cause of morbidity and mortality in developing and developed countries. Circulating exosomes have recently been identified as extracellular transporters, detectable in biological fluids. Exosomes have established a new era in diagnosing diseases, especially CVD. Determination of exosome profiles, e.g., miRNAs, for different health states such as myocardial injury still requires further studies. In this review, we will discuss the role of exosomes as a potential biomarker in CVD, with particular emphasis on recent advances in the methods to study exosomes, isolation, detection, and characterization.