Bate Sarah, Bennetts Rachel, Hasshim Nabil, Portch Emma, Murray Ebony, Burns Edwin, Dudfield Gavin
Department of Psychology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Bournemouth University.
College of Health and Life Sciences, Division of Psychology, Brunel University.
J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform. 2019 Mar;45(3):363-377. doi: 10.1037/xhp0000607. Epub 2018 Dec 20.
In the last decade there has been increasing interest in super-recognizers, who have an extraordinary ability to recognize faces. However, it has not yet been investigated whether these individuals are subject to the same biases in face recognition as typical perceivers. The most renowned constraint reported to date is the other-ethnicity effect, whereby people are better at recognizing faces from their own, compared with other, ethnicities. If super-recognizers also show this bias, it is possible that they are no better at other-ethnicity face recognition than typical native perceivers-a finding that would have important theoretical and practical implications. In the current study, eight Caucasian super-recognizers performed other-ethnicity tests of face memory and face matching. In Experiment 1, super-recognizers outperformed Caucasian but not Asian controls in their memory for Asian faces. In Experiment 2, a similar pattern emerged in some super-recognizers on a test of face matching. Finally, Experiment 3 examined the consistency of superior other-ethnicity face matching in relation to Caucasian controls, using Arab and Black faces. Only four super-recognizers consistently outperformed controls, and other-ethnicity matching performance was not related to Caucasian face-matching or own- or other-ethnicity face memory. These findings suggest that super-recognizers are subject to the same biases as typical perceivers, and are simply those at the top end of a common face recognition spectrum as opposed to a qualitatively different group of individuals. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
在过去十年里，人们对超级识别者的兴趣与日俱增，这些人拥有非凡的面部识别能力。然而，这些个体在人脸识别中是否会像普通感知者一样受到同样的偏差影响，尚未得到研究。迄今为止报道的最著名的限制因素是异族效应，即与其他种族相比，人们更擅长识别自己种族的面孔。如果超级识别者也表现出这种偏差，那么他们在异族面孔识别方面可能并不比普通的本族感知者更出色——这一发现将具有重要的理论和实践意义。在当前的研究中，八名白人超级识别者进行了异族面孔记忆和面孔匹配测试。在实验1中，超级识别者在对亚洲面孔的记忆方面表现优于白人对照组，但在对亚洲面孔的记忆方面并不优于亚洲对照组。在实验2中，一些超级识别者在面孔匹配测试中也出现了类似的模式。最后，实验3使用阿拉伯人和黑人面孔，检验了超级识别者在异族面孔匹配方面相对于白人对照组的卓越表现的一致性。只有四名超级识别者始终表现优于对照组，并且异族面孔匹配表现与白人面孔匹配或本族或异族面孔记忆无关。这些发现表明，超级识别者与普通感知者一样受到相同的偏差影响，他们只是普通人脸识别能力范围顶端的人群，而不是性质不同的个体群体。（PsycINFO数据库记录（c）2019美国心理学会，保留所有权利）
