Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), The University of Melbourne and Western Health, St. Albans, Victoria, Australia.
Department of Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne - Western Health, St. Albans, Victoria, Australia.
J Am Geriatr Soc. 2019 Apr;67(4):831-840. doi: 10.1111/jgs.15716. Epub 2018 Dec 20.
Osteoporosis is the most common bone disease in humans. Older persons are at higher risk of osteoporotic fractures that also result in poor quality of life, disability, loss of independence, institutionalization, and higher mortality. Osteoporosis shares a distinct pathophysiologic relationship with sarcopenia, an age-related disease comprising declines in muscle mass, strength, or function. The combination of these two diseases is known as osteosarcopenia. Understanding the pathophysiology of osteosarcopenia, in addition to its diagnostic and therapeutic approaches, is key in providing older adults with the best falls and fractures prevention strategies. This review provides updated information on new discoveries on the combined pathophysiology of osteoporosis and sarcopenia that have led to the development of novel therapeutic approaches. New recommendations for the use of risk calculators and densitometry are also presented in this review as well as evidence on current and upcoming pharmacologic treatments to prevent falls and fractures in older persons. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:831-840, 2019.
骨质疏松症是人类最常见的骨骼疾病。老年人更容易发生骨质疏松性骨折，这也会导致生活质量下降、残疾、丧失独立性、住院治疗和死亡率上升。骨质疏松症与肌肉减少症有着明显的病理生理关系，肌肉减少症是一种与年龄相关的疾病，包括肌肉量、力量或功能的下降。这两种疾病的结合被称为骨质疏松-肌肉减少症。了解骨质疏松-肌肉减少症的病理生理学，以及其诊断和治疗方法，是为老年人提供最佳防跌倒和防骨折策略的关键。本综述提供了关于骨质疏松症和肌肉减少症合并病理生理学的最新发现的信息，这些发现导致了新的治疗方法的发展。本综述还介绍了风险计算器和骨密度测量的新使用建议，以及关于预防老年人跌倒和骨折的现有和即将出现的药物治疗的证据。美国老年医学会杂志 67:831-840, 2019.
