Zaki S M
Fakeeh College for Medical Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
Folia Morphol (Warsz). 2019;78(3):554-563. doi: 10.5603/FM.a2018.0117. Epub 2018 Dec 21.
The present work aimed to compare the protective effect of Nigella sativa (NS) and onion extract on the nicotine-induced lung damage in rats. The antioxidant and anti-lipid peroxidation potentials of both agents on nicotine-induced lung damage were studied.
Thirty-six Sprague-Dawley albino rats, treated for 18 weeks, were divided into six groups: one negative control group, two positive control groups (oral onion and oral NS), nicotine-treated group, onion extract-treated group (concomitant nicotine and onion extract) and NS-treated group (concomitant nicotine and NS oil). The assessment of lung structure was based on haematoxylin and eosin and transmission electron microscopy. Lung malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase activity (SOD), catalase (CAT), lung glutathione (GSH), and epithelial lining fluid GSH (ELF GSH) were used for assessment of the antioxidant and anti-lipid peroxidation potentials of NS and onion extract.
The lung of the nicotine-treated group exhibited emphysematous air spaces, collapsed corrugated alveoli with ruptured interalveolar septa in some specimen and thickened septa in the others, massive congestion, extravasation of red blood cells, inflammatory cellular infiltration and fluid exudate. Much improvement was observed in the onion-treated group despite the presence of residual pathological affection. The lung in the NS-treated group showed the nearly normal architecture with slight congestion. Administration of nicotine promoted lipid peroxidation (elevation of MDA) and decreased the level of the antioxidant markers (SOD, CAT, lung GSH and ELF GSH). With the use of onion extract and NS, the level of MDA decreased by 17.85% and 35.71% while the levels of SOD, CAT, GSH, and ELF GSH increased. The increase was more prominent in the NS-treated group. The levels in the NS-treated group reached nearly the level markers of the control group.
Nigella sativa and onion extract attenuate the pathological effect of nicotine in the lung rats through antioxidative and anti-lipid peroxidative mechanisms with higher protection to NS.
本研究旨在比较黑种草（NS）和洋葱提取物对尼古丁诱导的大鼠肺损伤的保护作用。研究了这两种物质对尼古丁诱导的肺损伤的抗氧化和抗脂质过氧化潜力。
将36只接受18周治疗的Sprague-Dawley白化大鼠分为六组：一个阴性对照组、两个阳性对照组（口服洋葱和口服NS）、尼古丁处理组、洋葱提取物处理组（同时给予尼古丁和洋葱提取物）和NS处理组（同时给予尼古丁和NS油）。基于苏木精和伊红染色以及透射电子显微镜对肺结构进行评估。使用肺丙二醛（MDA）、超氧化物歧化酶活性（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、肺谷胱甘肽（GSH）和上皮衬液GSH（ELF GSH）来评估NS和洋葱提取物的抗氧化和抗脂质过氧化潜力。
尼古丁处理组的肺呈现出肺气肿样气腔，部分标本中肺泡塌陷呈波纹状且肺泡间隔破裂，其他标本中隔膜增厚，大量充血，红细胞外渗，炎性细胞浸润和液体渗出。尽管存在残留的病理影响，但在洋葱处理组中观察到了显著改善。NS处理组的肺显示出几乎正常的结构，仅有轻微充血。给予尼古丁会促进脂质过氧化（MDA升高）并降低抗氧化指标（SOD、CAT、肺GSH和ELF GSH）的水平。使用洋葱提取物和NS后，MDA水平分别降低了17.85%和35.71%，而SOD、CAT、GSH和ELF GSH的水平升高。在NS处理组中升高更为显著。NS处理组的水平几乎达到了对照组的指标水平。
黑种草和洋葱提取物通过抗氧化和抗脂质过氧化机制减轻尼古丁对大鼠肺的病理作用，其中NS的保护作用更强。
