New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, USA.
Drug Policy Modelling Program, National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
Drug Alcohol Rev. 2019 Jan;38(1):42-49. doi: 10.1111/dar.12882. Epub 2018 Dec 21.
Ecstasy users in the electronic dance music scene are at high risk for using ecstasy adulterated with new psychoactive substances and/or methamphetamine. We examined self-reported testing of ecstasy among users in this scene.
We surveyed individuals (aged 18-40 years) entering electronic dance music parties in New York City in 2017. Past-year ecstasy users (n = 351) were asked if they had tested their ecstasy in the past year. We estimated prevalence and correlates of having tested one's ecstasy.
23.1% reported having tested their ecstasy in the past year. Those with some college (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR] = 0.49, P = 0.014) or a college degree (aPR = 0.41, P = 0.025) were less likely to test their ecstasy than those with a high school diploma or less. Using ecstasy pills (aPR = 1.89, P = 0.036) or crystals (aPR = 1.90, P = 0.006) ≥3 times in the past year was associated with increased likelihood of testing one's ecstasy, and purchasing from an unknown or untrustworthy dealer was associated with decreased likelihood (aPR = 0.63, P = 0.034) of testing one's ecstasy. Half (51.1%) of ecstasy users reported finding out or suspecting their ecstasy had contained a drug other than MDMA. Of these, 49.2% reported finding out their ecstasy contained methamphetamine or speed/amphetamine. Most ecstasy users reported that they would be less likely to use again upon learning their ecstasy contained 'bath salts' (54.8%) or methamphetamine (54.3%).
Drug testing appears to help ecstasy users detect adulterants and results can help inform harm reduction efforts. Less frequent users in particular may require education about adulteration and drug-testing.
在电子舞曲场景中，摇头丸使用者使用含有新精神活性物质和/或甲基苯丙胺的摇头丸的风险很高。我们检查了该场景中使用者自我报告的摇头丸检测情况。
我们调查了 2017 年在纽约市参加电子舞曲派对的年龄在 18-40 岁之间的个人。过去一年使用过摇头丸的人（n=351）被问到他们是否在过去一年中检测过自己的摇头丸。我们估计了检测自己摇头丸的流行率和相关因素。
23.1%的人报告在过去一年中检测过自己的摇头丸。与那些只有高中文凭或以下学历的人相比，那些有一些大学学历（调整后的患病率比[APR] = 0.49，P=0.014）或大学学位（APR = 0.41，P=0.025）的人不太可能检测自己的摇头丸。过去一年中使用摇头丸药丸（APR=1.89，P=0.036）或晶体（APR=1.90，P=0.006）≥3 次与检测自己摇头丸的可能性增加有关，而从不知名或不可信的经销商购买则与检测自己摇头丸的可能性降低有关（APR=0.63，P=0.034）。一半（51.1%）的摇头丸使用者报告发现或怀疑他们的摇头丸含有 MDMA 以外的其他药物。其中，49.2%的人报告发现他们的摇头丸含有甲基苯丙胺或速/苯丙胺。大多数摇头丸使用者表示，如果他们知道自己的摇头丸含有“浴盐”（54.8%）或甲基苯丙胺（54.3%），他们将不太可能再次使用。
药物检测似乎有助于摇头丸使用者发现掺杂物，结果可以帮助指导减少伤害的努力。特别是不太频繁使用的人可能需要接受关于掺杂物和药物检测的教育。
