Department of Food and Nutrition, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-ro, Gyeognsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Korea.
Nutrients. 2018 Dec 22;11(1):31. doi: 10.3390/nu11010031.
The effect of calcium consumption in the prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remains controversial, and depends on food calcium sources. This prospective study aimed to evaluate the association between calcium-rich food consumption and T2DM incidence among Korean adults. We analyzed the data of 8574 adults aged 40⁻69 years, without a history of T2DM, cardiovascular disease, and cancer at the baseline from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study. The consumption of calcium-rich foods was assessed using a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. T2DM-related data were collected using biennial questionnaires, health examinations, and clinical tests. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using Cox proportional hazards regression models. In the multivariate-adjusted model, yogurt intake was inversely associated with T2DM risk (HR: 0.73; 95% CI: 0.61⁻0.88 in the fourth quartile as compared to the first quartile). However, the intakes of other calcium-rich foods, including milk and anchovies, were not significantly associated with T2DM risk. Yogurt may provide protective effects against T2DM in Korean adults, owing to the beneficial effects of probiotics. Further prospective large-scale cohort studies should be conducted to validate these findings.
钙摄入对 2 型糖尿病（T2DM）的预防作用仍存在争议，且取决于食物钙源。本前瞻性研究旨在评估富含钙的食物摄入与韩国成年人 T2DM 发病率之间的关联。我们分析了韩国基因与流行病学研究中基线时年龄在 40⁻69 岁、无 T2DM、心血管疾病和癌症病史的 8574 名成年人的数据。使用经过验证的半定量食物频率问卷评估富含钙的食物的摄入情况。使用两年一次的问卷、健康检查和临床检查收集 T2DM 相关数据。使用 Cox 比例风险回归模型计算危险比（HR）和 95%置信区间（CI）。在多变量调整模型中，与第一四分位相比，摄入酸奶与 T2DM 风险呈负相关（HR：0.73；95%CI：0.61⁻0.88）。然而，包括牛奶和凤尾鱼在内的其他富含钙食物的摄入与 T2DM 风险无显著相关性。酸奶可能对韩国成年人的 T2DM 具有保护作用，这归因于益生菌的有益作用。应进行进一步的前瞻性大规模队列研究来验证这些发现。
