Grice H C
International Life Sciences Institute-Nutrition Foundation, Ontario, Canada.
Food Chem Toxicol. 1988 Aug;26(8):717-23. doi: 10.1016/0278-6915(88)90072-5.
Butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) induces tumours of the squamous epithelium of the forestomach of rodents, but not at other sites. Although humans do not have squamous epithelium in their stomach the likelihood that BHA will induce tumours of the squamous epithelium of the oesophagus needs to be considered. Studies in several species indicate that the forestomach epithelium is very responsive to hyperplastic and neoplastic change induced by BHA, but the oesophageal epithelium is not responsive. The lack of effect in the oesophagus is likely to be due to the fact that the rapid speed of transit through the oesophagus limits the exposure time of the oesophageal mucosa to the food contents. Conversely, as the rodent's forestomach has storage function, exposure of the squamous epithelium of the forestomach would be continuous. The fact that the no-observed-effect level for hyperplasia of the oesophageal mucosa is several hundred times the acceptable daily intake for BHA supports the view that BHA would not be a human carcinogen at food additive levels of use.
丁基羟基茴香醚（BHA）可诱发啮齿动物前胃鳞状上皮肿瘤，但不会在其他部位诱发。尽管人类胃中没有鳞状上皮，但仍需考虑BHA诱发食管鳞状上皮肿瘤的可能性。对多个物种的研究表明，前胃上皮对BHA诱导的增生性和肿瘤性变化非常敏感，但食管上皮则不敏感。食管未出现效应可能是因为食物通过食管的速度很快，限制了食管黏膜与食物内容物的接触时间。相反，由于啮齿动物的前胃具有储存功能，前胃鳞状上皮会持续接触（BHA）。食管黏膜增生的未观察到效应水平是BHA每日可接受摄入量的数百倍，这一事实支持了以下观点：在食品添加剂使用水平下，BHA不会成为人类致癌物。
