Ashida Reiko, Tanaka Sachiko, Yamanaka Hiromi, Okagaki Suetsumi, Nakao Keiko, Fukuda Junko, Nakao Miho, Ioka Tatsuya, Katayama Kazuhiro
Department of Cancer Survey and Gastrointestinal Oncology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, 3-1-69 Otemae, Chuo-ku, Osaka 541-8567, Japan.
Diagnostics (Basel). 2018 Dec 26;9(1):2. doi: 10.3390/diagnostics9010002.
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death with a 5-year survival rate less than 10%. In the absence of effective screening methods, such as blood markers, most clinical diagnoses of PC are made at an advanced stage. However, early stage PC is associated with a more favorable five-year survival rate of 85.8% for stage 0, and 68.7% for stage IA. Transabdominal ultrasound (US) is frequently used as a first-line diagnostic tool in the clinical setting and a preferred modality for routine medical evaluations for asymptomatic individuals. Recently published Japanese data show that most PCs diagnosed in early stage had US findings, such as dilated main pancreatic ducts or pancreas cysts. For surveillance of high-risk individuals, such as those with an intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN), US is an ideal modality in terms of its non-invasive and cost-effective nature. However, the diagnostic performance of ultrasound varies greatly by the operator's experience and the patient's condition. This article reviews the present situation of early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer by US, along with tips for improving visualization of the pancreas.
胰腺癌（PC）是癌症相关死亡的第四大主要原因，其5年生存率低于10%。由于缺乏有效的筛查方法，如血液标志物，大多数胰腺癌的临床诊断都是在晚期进行的。然而，早期胰腺癌的5年生存率更乐观，0期为85.8%，IA期为68.7%。经腹超声（US）在临床环境中经常被用作一线诊断工具，也是无症状个体常规医学评估的首选方式。最近公布的日本数据显示，大多数早期诊断出的胰腺癌有超声表现，如主胰管扩张或胰腺囊肿。对于高危个体的监测，如导管内乳头状黏液性肿瘤（IPMN）患者，超声因其非侵入性和成本效益高的特点而成为理想的检查方式。然而，超声的诊断性能因操作者的经验和患者的病情而有很大差异。本文回顾了超声诊断早期胰腺癌的现状，以及改善胰腺可视化的技巧。
