Laboratory of Neurosciences, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico.
Biomed Res Int. 2018 Nov 22;2018:4067597. doi: 10.1155/2018/4067597. eCollection 2018.
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder with an unknown aetiology. The pathogenic mechanisms include oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, protein dysfunction, inflammation, autophagy, apoptosis, and abnormal deposition of -synuclein. Currently, the existing pharmacological treatments for PD cannot improve fundamentally the degenerative process of dopaminergic neurons and have numerous side effects. On the other hand, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common neurodevelopmental disorder of childhood and is characterised by hyperactivity, impulsivity, and inattention. The aetiology of ADHD remains unknown, although it has been suggested that its pathophysiology involves abnormalities in several brain regions, disturbances of the catecholaminergic pathway, and oxidative stress. Psychostimulants and nonpsychostimulants are the drugs prescribed for the treatment of ADHD; however, they have been associated with increased risk of substance use and have several side effects. Today, there are very few tools available to prevent or to counteract the progression of such neurological disorders. Thus, therapeutic approaches with high efficiency and fewer side effects are needed. This review presents a brief overview of the two neurological disorders and their current treatments, followed by a discussion of the natural compounds which have been studied as therapeutic agents and the mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects, in particular, the decrease in oxidative stress.
帕金森病（PD）是第二常见的神经退行性疾病，病因不明。其发病机制包括氧化应激、线粒体功能障碍、蛋白功能障碍、炎症、自噬、细胞凋亡和异常 - 突触核蛋白沉积。目前，PD 的现有药物治疗方法不能从根本上改善多巴胺能神经元的退行性过程，且有许多副作用。另一方面，注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）是儿童期最常见的神经发育障碍，其特征是多动、冲动和注意力不集中。ADHD 的病因仍不清楚，尽管有人提出其病理生理学涉及几个脑区的异常、儿茶酚胺能途径的紊乱和氧化应激。兴奋剂和非兴奋剂是治疗 ADHD 的药物；然而，它们与增加物质使用的风险有关，并具有多种副作用。目前，几乎没有可用的工具来预防或对抗这些神经退行性疾病的进展。因此，需要高效且副作用少的治疗方法。本综述简要概述了这两种神经疾病及其当前的治疗方法，随后讨论了作为治疗剂的天然化合物及其有益作用的机制，特别是氧化应激的降低。
