Manipulating Mesenchymal Stem Cells Differentiation Under Sinusoidal Electromagnetic Fields Using Intracellular Superparamagnetic Nanoparticles.

In this study, hollow mesoporous ferrite nanoparticles (HMFNs) were prepared. It showed a spherical morphology with a diameter about 320 nm, with a negatively charged surface, and with a great superparamagnetic property. Negative charge attribute to the free -OH group of the HMFNs shell, which improved nanoparticles hydrophilic and biocompatibility. Superparamagnetic property could avoids particle agglomeration. The particles were shown to be internalized into the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) . We found that the intracellular HMFNs can improve the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs in the presence of an electromagnetic fields. To determine the optimal intensity of the sinusoidal electromagnetic field (SEMF), the exposure levels of 50 Hz SEMF in the range of 0∼4 mTs (60 min/day) were utilized to investigate its effects on the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of rat BMSCs. The result showed that the 1 mT and 2 mT SEMF stimulated the BMSCs proliferation significantly. The internalized HMFNs in conjunction with SEMF exposure enhanced the osteogenic differentiation, as evidenced by elevated alkaline phosphatase activity, calcium deposition, and the expression protein levels of the expression profile of osteopontin, osteocalcin and runt-related transcription factor 2. We believe that the electromagnetic fields can manipulate osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs using intracellular superparamagnetic nanoparticles.