Nutrition and Dietetic Unit, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Plaza Universidad, 3, 22002 Huesca, Spain.
Nutrients. 2018 Dec 28;11(1):58. doi: 10.3390/nu11010058.
Food-based dietary guidelines (FBDGs) offer recommendations that help population to meet nutrient requirements. Most European FBDGs include quantitative information regarding daily and weekly consumed foods, but for occasionally consumed foods, they only recommend limiting their intake, without giving specific advice on portions. As these foods are consumed by the general population as a part of the cultural and culinary tradition of each country, it is important to establish the maximum frequency and the portions that would be acceptable to be included in a healthy eating pattern. This study outlines the methodology to include these foods in a national (Spanish) FBDG. Firstly, commonly consumed foods were selected and grouped, and portions were defined according to their nutritional value, so different foods within a group could be exchanged. Then, macronutrient profiles of occasionally consumed foods were compared to the frequently consumed food groups to determine to what extent they had a similar nutritional content. Finally, some combinations of foods, with or without the inclusion of occasionally consumed groups, were calculated. A maximum number of servings per group was defined according to their energy and nutrient content. Occasionally consumed foods can be included in a healthy diet as long as they are consumed in the small quantities as shown in this study and as long as they replace equivalent portions of other foods of frequent consumption. This new tool shows how to include occasionally consumed foods in a diet while maintaining its overall nutritional quality.
基于食物的膳食指南 (FBDG) 提供了有助于满足营养需求的建议。大多数欧洲的 FBDG 包括关于每日和每周食用的食物的定量信息，但对于偶尔食用的食物，它们只建议限制其摄入量，而没有就份量提供具体建议。由于这些食物是作为每个国家的文化和烹饪传统的一部分被普通人群消费的，因此确定可接受的最大食用频率和份量以纳入健康饮食模式非常重要。本研究概述了将这些食物纳入国家（西班牙）FBDG 的方法。首先，选择和分组了常见的食用食物，并根据其营养价值定义了份量，以便在同一组内可以交换不同的食物。然后，比较了偶尔食用食物的宏量营养素谱与经常食用的食物组，以确定它们在多大程度上具有相似的营养成分。最后，计算了一些包含或不包含偶尔食用组的食物组合。根据其能量和营养含量，为每个组定义了最大份数。偶尔食用的食物只要按照本研究所示的小份量食用，并替代经常食用的其他食物的等量部分，就可以纳入健康饮食。这个新工具展示了如何在保持整体营养质量的同时，将偶尔食用的食物纳入饮食中。
