Basura Gregory J, Hu Xiao-Su, Juan Juan San, Tessier Anne-Michelle, Kovelman Ioulia
Center for Human Growth and Development University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan U.S.A.
Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Kresge Hearing Research Institute University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan U.S.A.
Laryngoscope Investig Otolaryngol. 2018 Oct 18;3(6):463-472. doi: 10.1002/lio2.185. eCollection 2018 Dec.
Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is an emerging noninvasive technology used to study cerebral cortex activity. Being virtually silent and compatible with cochlear implants has helped establish fNIRS as an important tool when investigating auditory cortex as well as cortices involved with hearing and language processing in adults and during child development. With respect to this review article, more recently, fNIRS has also been used to investigate central auditory plasticity following hearing loss and tinnitus or phantom sound perception.
Here, we review the currently available literature reporting the use of fNIRS in human studies with cochlear implants and tinnitus to measure human central auditory cortical circuits. We also provide the reader with detailed reviews of the technology and traditional recording paradigms/methods used in these auditory-based studies.
The purpose of this review article is to summarize theoretical advancements in our understanding of the neurocognitive mechanisms underlying auditory processes and their plasticity through fNIRS research of human auditory performance with cochlear implantation and plasticity that may contribute to the central percepts of tinnitus.
fNIRS is an emerging noninvasive brain imaging technology that has wide reaching application that can be applied to human studies involving cochlear implants and tinnitus.
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功能近红外光谱技术（fNIRS）是一种新兴的用于研究大脑皮层活动的非侵入性技术。几乎无声且与人工耳蜗兼容，这有助于fNIRS成为研究成人及儿童发育过程中听觉皮层以及与听力和语言处理相关皮层的重要工具。就本综述文章而言，最近，fNIRS还被用于研究听力损失和耳鸣或幻听感知后的中枢听觉可塑性。
在此，我们回顾了目前可用的文献，这些文献报道了fNIRS在使用人工耳蜗和耳鸣的人体研究中用于测量人类中枢听觉皮层回路的情况。我们还为读者详细回顾了这些基于听觉的研究中使用的技术和传统记录范式/方法。
本综述文章的目的是通过对人工耳蜗植入后的人类听觉表现以及可能导致耳鸣中枢感知的可塑性进行fNIRS研究，总结我们在理解听觉过程及其可塑性背后的神经认知机制方面的理论进展。
fNIRS是一种新兴的非侵入性脑成像技术，具有广泛的应用范围，可应用于涉及人工耳蜗和耳鸣的人体研究。
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