Greenfield Andy
MRC Mammalian Genetics Unit, Harwell Institute, Harwell, Oxfordshire, OX11 0RD, UK.
Mamm Genome. 2019 Feb;30(1-2):1-4. doi: 10.1007/s00335-018-9791-2. Epub 2019 Jan 2.
Genome editing is revolutionising our ability to modify genomes with exquisite precision for medical and agricultural applications, and in basic research. The first International Summit on Human Genome Editing, organised jointly by the US National Academies of Sciences and Medicine, the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the UK Royal Society, was held in Washington DC at the end of 2015. Its aim was to explore scientific, legal and ethical perspectives on the prospective use of human genome editing as a therapeutic intervention in disease (so-called somatic genome editing) and as a possible intervention in human reproduction (so-called germ-line genome editing). Following that Summit, the Organising Committee had, in a press release, come to the conclusion that: "It would be irresponsible to proceed with any clinical use of germ line editing unless and until (i) the relevant safety and efficacy issues have been resolved, based on appropriate understanding and balancing of risks, potential benefits and alternatives, and (ii) there is broad societal consensus about the appropriateness of the proposed application" ( http://www8.nationalacademies.org/onpinews/newsitem.aspx?RecordID=12032015a ). A report from the US National Academies subsequently reiterated and developed the approach.
基因组编辑正在彻底改变我们在医学、农业应用以及基础研究中以极高精度修饰基因组的能力。由美国国家科学院、美国国家医学院、中国科学院和英国皇家学会联合组织的首届人类基因组编辑国际峰会于2015年底在华盛顿特区举行。其目的是探讨关于将人类基因组编辑前瞻性地用作疾病治疗干预手段（即所谓的体细胞基因组编辑）以及作为人类生殖领域可能干预手段（即所谓的生殖系基因组编辑）的科学、法律和伦理观点。在那次峰会之后，组委会在一份新闻稿中得出结论：“在相关安全和有效性问题基于对风险、潜在益处及替代方案的恰当理解和权衡得以解决之前，以及在社会对拟议应用的适当性达成广泛共识之前，进行生殖系编辑的任何临床应用都是不负责任的”（http://www8.nationalacademies.org/onpinews/newsitem.aspx?RecordID=12032015a）。美国国家科学院随后的一份报告重申并拓展了这一方法。
