Department of Human Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
PLoS One. 2019 Jan 2;14(1):e0209116. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0209116. eCollection 2019.
Road traffic injuries are the ninth cause of death across all age groups, globally (WHO, 2015). Many road traffic crashes are caused by Driving Under the Influence (DUI) of alcohol by persons who have previously had their license suspended for the same reason. The aim of this study was to identify specific risk factors and personality characteristics in repeat offenders. The sample was comprised of 260 subjects who were not repeat DUI offenders (DUI-NR), but had a single license suspension between 2010 and 2011; and 97 repeat offenders who received at least two DUI convictions within a period of 5 years. At the time of their first driving license suspension, participants provided their blood alcohol content (BAC) and completed a valid MMPI-2 test. ANOVA and MANOVAs were performed to determine whether there were significant differences in BAC and MMPI-2 profiles between DUI-NR and DUI-R participants and a logistic regression was run to identify whether BAC at the time of the first suspension and specific personality features could predict recidivism. A two-step cluster analysis was run to identify recidivist typologies. Results showed that, relative to DUI-NR participants, DUI-R participants had higher BAC at the time of their first conviction and more problematic MMPI-2 profiles, despite the presence of social desirability responding. The best predictors of recidivism were BAC and the scales of Lie (L), Correction (K), Psychopathic Deviate (4-Pd), Hypomania (9-Ma), and Low Self-Esteem (LSE). Two-step cluster analyses identified two recidivist profiles, according to 32 selected MMPI-2 validity, clinical, content, supplementary, and PSY-5 scales. Comparisons with previous research are discussed and ideas for further study are generated.
道路交通事故是全球所有年龄段人群的第九大死因（世卫组织，2015 年）。许多道路交通事故是由因同样原因被吊销执照的人酒后驾车造成的。本研究旨在确定累犯的特定风险因素和人格特征。样本包括 260 名非重复 DUI 罪犯（DUI-NR），他们在 2010 年至 2011 年期间曾因单次驾照吊销；以及 97 名重复 DUI 罪犯，他们在 5 年内至少有两次 DUI 定罪。在第一次驾驶执照吊销时，参与者提供了他们的血液酒精含量（BAC）并完成了有效的 MMPI-2 测试。进行了 ANOVA 和 MANOVAs 以确定 DUI-NR 和 DUI-R 参与者之间的 BAC 和 MMPI-2 特征是否存在显著差异，并进行了逻辑回归以确定第一次吊销时的 BAC 和特定人格特征是否可以预测累犯。进行了两步聚类分析以确定累犯的类型。结果表明，与 DUI-NR 参与者相比，DUI-R 参与者在第一次定罪时的 BAC 更高，MMPI-2 特征更有问题，尽管存在社交期望反应。累犯的最佳预测因子是 BAC 和 Lie（L）、Correction（K）、Psychopathic Deviate（4-Pd）、Hypomania（9-Ma）和 Low Self-Esteem（LSE）量表。两步聚类分析根据 32 个选定的 MMPI-2 有效性、临床、内容、补充和 PSY-5 量表确定了两种累犯类型。讨论了与以前的研究比较，并提出了进一步研究的想法。
