Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
J Integr Plant Biol. 2019 Dec;61(12):1255-1273. doi: 10.1111/jipb.12770. Epub 2019 May 10.
Nitric oxide (NO), γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and mannose (MAS) could be important regulators of plant growth and adaptation to water stress. The application of sodium nitroprusside (SNP, a NO donor), GABA, and MAS improved plant growth under water-sufficient conditions and effectively mitigated water stress damage to white clover. The metabonomic analysis showed that both SNP and GABA application resulted in a significant increase in myo-inositol content; the accumulation of mannose was commonly regulated by SNP and MAS; GABA and MAS induced the accumulation of aspartic acid, quinic acid, trehalose, and glycerol under water deficit. In addition, citric acid was uniquely up-regulated by SNP associated with tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle under water stress. GABA specially induced the accumulation of GABA, glycine, methionine, and aconitic acid related to GABA shunt, amino acids metabolism, and TCA cycle in response to water stress. MAS uniquely enhanced the accumulation of asparagine, galactose, and D-pinitol in association with amino acids and sugars metabolism under water stress. SNP-, GABA-, and MAS-induced changes of metabolic profiles and associated metabolic pathways could contribute to enhanced stress tolerance via involvement in the TCA cycle for energy supply, osmotic adjustment, antioxidant defense, and signal transduction for stress defense in white clover.
一氧化氮（NO）、γ-氨基丁酸（GABA）和甘露糖（MAS）可能是植物生长和适应水分胁迫的重要调节因子。亚硝基铁氰化钠（SNP，一种 NO 供体）、GABA 和 MAS 的应用在水分充足的条件下促进了植物的生长，并有效缓解了白三叶草的水分胁迫损伤。代谢组学分析表明，SNP 和 GABA 的应用都导致肌醇含量显著增加；甘露糖的积累通常受到 SNP 和 MAS 的共同调节；GABA 和 MAS 诱导在水分亏缺下积累天门冬氨酸、奎尼酸、海藻糖和甘油。此外，柠檬酸在水分胁迫下与三羧酸（TCA）循环相关，仅由 SNP 上调。GABA 特别诱导 GABA、甘氨酸、甲硫氨酸和乌头酸的积累，与 GABA 支路、氨基酸代谢和 TCA 循环有关，以应对水分胁迫。MAS 独特地增强了天冬酰胺、半乳糖和 D-松醇的积累，与水分胁迫下的氨基酸和糖代谢有关。SNP、GABA 和 MAS 诱导的代谢谱变化及其相关代谢途径的变化，可能通过参与 TCA 循环为能量供应、渗透调节、抗氧化防御和应激防御信号转导，有助于提高白三叶草的应激耐受性。
