Death time estimation in case work. II. Integration of different methods.

The mean value of the time of death is not reliable because of the great variability of the time-dependent criteria of dead bodies. However, it is possible to narrow down a reliable time period for a stated death by means of the lower and upper limits of error of different criteria. The external data of lividity, rigor, mechanical and electrical excitability of facial muscles and the chemical excitability of the iris have all been gathered from literature, chronologically arranged and clearly presented. After rectal temperature measurement and a corresponding nomogram reading, it is simple to choose other suitable criteria and to integrate them with the aid of a chart thus producing a rational and practical procedure for use at a scene of crime.