Zaninotto Leonardo, Qian Jia, Sun Yao, Bassi Giulia, Solmi Marco, Salcuni Silvia
Department of Mental Health, Local Health Unit n. 6 ("Euganea"), Padova, Italy.
Department of Information Engineering, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
Front Public Health. 2018 Dec 18;6:362. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2018.00362. eCollection 2018.
A sample of undergraduate Psychology students ( = 1005), prevalently females (82.4%), mean age 20.5 (sd 2.5), was examined regarding their attitudes toward people suffering from mental illness. The survey instrument included a brief form for demographic variables, the Attribution Questionnaire-9 (AQ-9), the Ten Items Personality Inventory (TIPI), and two questions exploring attitudes toward open-door and restraint-free policies in Psychiatry. Higher levels of stigmatizing attitudes were found in males (Pity, Blame, Help, and Avoidance) and in those (76.5%) who had never had any experience with psychiatric patients (Danger, Fear, Blame, Segregation, Help, Avoidance and Coercion). A similar trend was also found in those who don't share the policy of no seclusion/restraint, while subjects who are favorable to open-door policies reported higher Coercion scores. No correlations were found between dimensions of stigma and personality traits. A machine learning approach was then used to explore the role of demographic, academic and personality variables as predictors of stigmatizing attitudes. Agreeableness and Extraversion emerged as the most relevant predictors for blaming attitudes, while Emotional Stability and Openness appeared to be the most effective contributors to Anger. Our results confirmed that a training experience in Psychiatry might successfully reduce stigma in Psychology students. Further research, with increased generalizability of samples and more reliable instruments, should address the role of personality traits and gender on attitudes toward people suffering from mental illness.
对1005名本科心理学专业学生（其中82.4%为女性，平均年龄20.5岁，标准差2.5岁）进行了调查，了解他们对患有精神疾病的人的态度。调查工具包括一份关于人口统计学变量的简短表格、归因问卷-9（AQ-9）、十项人格量表（TIPI），以及两个探讨对精神病学中开放政策和无约束政策态度的问题。在男性中（怜悯、责备、帮助和回避）以及那些从未有过与精神科患者接触经历的人（危险、恐惧、责备、隔离、帮助、回避和强制）中发现了更高水平的污名化态度。在那些不认同不隔离/不约束政策的人中也发现了类似趋势，而支持开放政策的受试者报告的强制得分更高。污名化维度与人格特质之间未发现相关性。然后使用机器学习方法来探索人口统计学、学术和人格变量作为污名化态度预测因素的作用。宜人性和外向性是责备态度最相关的预测因素，而情绪稳定性和开放性似乎是愤怒最有效的促成因素。我们的结果证实，精神病学方面的培训经历可能会成功减少心理学专业学生的污名化。进一步的研究，增加样本的普遍性和更可靠的工具，应该探讨人格特质和性别对患有精神疾病的人的态度的作用。
