Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury, Oczapowskiego 1A Street, 10-19 Olsztyn, Poland.
Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Therapy of Autism at the Regional Children's Hospital in Olsztyn, Zolnierska 18 A Street, 10-561 Olsztyn, Poland.
Nutrients. 2019 Jan 4;11(1):87. doi: 10.3390/nu11010087.
Opioid peptides released during digestion of dietary proteins such as casein, were suggested to contribute to autism development, leading to the announcement of opioid excess hypothesis of autism. This paper examines role of enzyme proline dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPPIV; EC 3.4.14.5) and it is exogenous substrate, β-casomorphin-7 (BCM7) in autism etiology. Our study included measurements of DPPIV and BCM7 concentrations in serum and urine, which were analyzed with ELISA assays and activity of DPPIV was measured by colorimetric test. The effect of opioid peptides from hydrolysed bovine milk on DPPIV gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in autistic and healthy children was determined using the Real-Time PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) method. Our research included 51 healthy children and 86 children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD, ICDF84). We determined that the concentration of BCM7 in serum was significantly, 1.6-fold, higher in the ASD group than in controls ( < 0.0001). Concentration of DPPIV was found to also be significantly higher in serum from ASD children compared to the control group ( < 0.01), while we did not notice significant difference in enzymatic activity of serum DPPIV between the two study groups. We confirmed correlation according to the gender between analyzed parameters. The inspiration for this study emanated from clinical experience of the daily diet role in relieving the symptoms of autism. Despite this, we have concluded that milk-derived opioid peptides and DPPIV are potentially factors in determining the pathogenesis of autism; conducted studies are still limited and require further research.
在消化膳食蛋白（如酪蛋白）过程中释放的阿片肽被认为有助于自闭症的发展，从而提出了自闭症阿片肽过剩假说。本文研究了酶脯氨酸二肽基肽酶-4（DPPIV；EC 3.4.14.5）及其外源性底物β-酪啡肽-7（BCM7）在自闭症发病机制中的作用。我们的研究包括测量血清和尿液中的 DPPIV 和 BCM7 浓度，使用 ELISA 检测分析，并通过比色试验测量 DPPIV 的活性。采用实时聚合酶链反应（PCR）方法，确定来自水解牛乳的阿片肽对自闭症和健康儿童外周血单个核细胞（PBMC）中 DPPIV 基因表达的影响。我们的研究包括 51 名健康儿童和 86 名被诊断为自闭症谱系障碍（ASD，ICDF84）的儿童。我们确定 ASD 组血清中 BCM7 的浓度明显高于对照组，高出 1.6 倍（<0.0001）。与对照组相比，ASD 儿童血清中 DPPIV 的浓度也明显更高（<0.01），而我们没有注意到两组研究对象之间血清 DPPIV 的酶活性有显著差异。我们根据性别证实了分析参数之间的相关性。这项研究的灵感来自于临床经验，即日常饮食在缓解自闭症症状方面的作用。尽管如此，我们还是得出结论，牛奶衍生的阿片肽和 DPPIV 可能是决定自闭症发病机制的因素；目前进行的研究仍然有限，需要进一步研究。
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