Millán Javier, Travaini Alejandro, Cevidanes Aitor, Sacristán Irene, Rodríguez Alejandro
Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, República 252, Santiago, Chile.
Centro de Investigaciones Puerto Deseado, Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral, CONICET, Avda. Prefectura Naval s/n, 9050, Puerto Deseado, Santa Cruz, Argentina.
Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl. 2018 Dec 28;8:63-70. doi: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2018.11.007. eCollection 2019 Apr.
We collected blood and/or ectoparasites from 49 South American grey foxes () and two Andean foxes () caught in two National Parks of southern Argentine Patagonia (Bosques Petrificados, BPNP; and Monte León, MLNP) where dogs are nearly absent (density < 0.01 dog/km). Common ectoparasites were the flea (88% prevalence) and the tick (29%). Conventional PCR and sequencing of 49 blood samples, 299 fleas analysed in 78 pools, and 21 ticks revealed the presence of DNA of the following canine vector-borne pathogens: in grey foxes, sp. (3%), hemoplasmas (8%), including , and sp. (50%); in , spp. (72% of flea pools from 76% of foxes), mostly subsp. but also , Anaplasmataceae ( sp.; 60% and 54%), and / (29% and 18%); and in , sp. (33% of ticks in 4 of 7 foxes). No piroplasmid DNA was detected in any sample. Andean foxes were negative for all tested pathogens. Two different haplotypes were detected: the most prevalent was phylogenetically associated with , and the other with and related sequences. and sp. were more abundant and/or prevalent in BPNP than in colder MLNP, 300 km southwards, perhaps located close to the limit for tick suitability. was also significantly more prevalent in fleas of foxes in BPNP than in MLNP. This study provides novel information about natural host-pathogen associations in wildlife, markedly extends the distribution area in South America of arthropods and vector-borne pathogens of veterinary and public health interest, and contributes preliminary evidence about the potential role of and as vectors, respectively, for potentially new species of from spp. and for that should be further investigated.
我们从在阿根廷巴塔哥尼亚南部两个国家公园（石化森林国家公园，BPNP；以及蒙特莱昂国家公园，MLNP）捕获的49只南美灰狐（）和2只安第斯狐（）身上采集了血液和/或体外寄生虫，这两个公园几乎没有狗（密度<0.01只狗/平方公里）。常见的体外寄生虫是跳蚤（88%的感染率）和蜱（29%）。对49份血液样本、78个样本池中的299只跳蚤以及21只蜱进行常规PCR和测序，结果显示存在以下犬类媒介传播病原体的DNA：在灰狐中，伯氏疏螺旋体（3%）、血支原体（8%），包括噬血细胞无形体和犬埃立克体（50%）；在安第斯狐中，立克次氏体属（来自76%的狐狸的72%的跳蚤样本池），主要是康氏立克次体亚种但也有五日热巴通体，无形体科（嗜吞噬细胞无形体；60%和54%），以及巴贝斯虫/泰勒虫（29%和18%）；在蜱中，查菲埃立克体（7只狐狸中有4只的蜱的33%）。在任何样本中均未检测到梨形虫DNA。安第斯狐对所有检测的病原体均呈阴性。检测到两种不同的巴贝斯虫单倍型：最常见的与犬巴贝斯虫在系统发育上相关，另一种与吉氏巴贝斯虫及其相关序列相关。伯氏疏螺旋体和犬埃立克体在BPNP比在向南300公里处更寒冷的MLNP更为丰富和/或普遍，可能接近蜱适宜生存的极限。伯氏疏螺旋体在BPNP的狐狸跳蚤中也比在MLNP中更为普遍。本研究提供了关于野生动物中自然宿主 - 病原体关联的新信息，显著扩展了南美具有兽医和公共卫生意义的节肢动物及媒介传播病原体的分布区域，并分别为康氏立克次体作为潜在新种巴贝斯虫的媒介以及嗜吞噬细胞无形体作为泰勒虫的媒介的潜在作用提供了初步证据，这些都应进一步研究。
