Food and Nutrition Service, USDA, Alexandria, VA.
Panum Group, Bethesda, MD.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2019 Mar 1;109(Suppl_7):872S-878S. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/nqy227.
Proper nutrition during infancy and toddlerhood is crucial for supporting healthy growth and development, including bone health. Complementary feeding is the process that starts when human milk or infant formula is complemented by other foods and beverages, beginning during late infancy and continuing to 24 mo of age.
This article aims to describe systematic reviews (SRs) conducted by the Nutrition Evidence Systematic Review team for the USDA and the Department of Health and Human Services Pregnancy and Birth to 24 Months Project to answer these questions: what is the relationship between 1) timing of introduction of complementary foods and beverages (CFBs) or 2) types and/or amounts of CFBs consumed and bone health? Methods: The literature was searched with the use of 4 databases (CINAHL, Cochrane, Embase, and PubMed) to identify articles published from January 1980 to July 2016 that addressed these topics and met predetermined criteria for inclusion. For each study, data were extracted and risk of bias was assessed. The evidence was qualitatively synthesized to develop a conclusion statement, and the strength of the evidence was graded.
Three articles addressed the timing of introduction of CFBs and bone health during childhood (through 18 y of age), and 2 addressed the types and/or amounts of CFBs consumed relative to bone health.
Insufficient evidence was available to draw conclusions about the relationships between the timing of CFB introduction and types and/or amounts of CFBs consumed and bone health. Therefore, a grade was not assignable for these SRs. The ability to draw conclusions was limited by an overall lack of research, failure to adjust for several key confounding factors, and heterogeneity in studies with regard to methodology, subject populations, and results. Additional research is needed that addresses these gaps and limitations.
婴儿和幼儿期的适当营养对于支持健康的生长和发育至关重要，包括骨骼健康。补充喂养是指在人乳或婴儿配方奶之外补充其他食物和饮料的过程，始于婴儿后期，并持续到 24 个月龄。
本文旨在描述美国农业部和卫生与公众服务部妊娠和出生至 24 个月项目的营养证据系统评价小组进行的系统评价（SRs），以回答以下问题：1）补充食物和饮料（CFB）的引入时间与 2）CFB 的类型和/或摄入量与骨骼健康之间存在什么关系？方法：使用 4 个数据库（CINAHL、Cochrane、Embase 和 PubMed）搜索文献，以确定从 1980 年 1 月至 2016 年 7 月发表的解决这些主题并符合预定纳入标准的文章。对于每项研究，提取数据并评估偏倚风险。对证据进行定性综合以得出结论陈述，并对证据的强度进行分级。
有 3 篇文章探讨了 CFB 引入时间与儿童期（18 岁以下）骨骼健康之间的关系，2 篇文章探讨了 CFB 的类型和/或摄入量与骨骼健康之间的关系。
关于 CFB 引入时间与 CFB 类型和/或摄入量与骨骼健康之间的关系，现有证据不足，无法得出结论。因此，这些 SRs 未分配等级。由于研究总体上缺乏、未能调整几个关键混杂因素以及研究方法、研究人群和结果存在异质性，因此无法得出结论。需要开展进一步的研究以解决这些差距和局限性。
